日光温室葡萄架下灰树花种植可行性研究  

Feasibility of Grifola frondosa Cultivation Under Grape Trellis in Sunlight Greenhouse

作　　者：王晓 尹玉婷 陈青君 张国庆 

机构地区：[1]北京农学院植物科学技术学院农业应用新技术北京市重点实验室,北京102206 [2]北京农学院生物科学与工程学院农业部都市农业(北方)重点实验室,北京102206

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2018年第3期104-111,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：科技成果转化-提升计划-林下经济关键技术示范与转化(市级)(PXM2016_014207_000009);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目"农牧业废弃物资源菌业循环子课题"(2012BAD14B09);北京市科技新星项目(xx2015B025)

摘　　要：为提高日光温室空间和地面的利用率,探讨日光温室葡萄架下种植灰树花(Grifola frondosa)的可行性。3月初,在日光温室葡萄架下每隔10天种植灰树花,以温湿度实时记录仪、干燥称重法、凯氏定氮法等方法对4个播期的环境参数、灰树花理化性状及产量进行研究。结果表明,3—6月葡萄叶幕层的日均温度在15~28℃,湿度在32%~84%。距栽培床面上20 cm处温度在13~28℃,湿度维持在55%~95%;距栽培床面下10 cm处温度在15~26℃。葡萄与灰树花对温湿度要求范围可以于春夏季节在温室内达成一致,葡萄生长的变温范围较好地满足了灰树花结实的温度要求。灰树花菌棒覆土后,菌棒基质含水量在50%~57%,pH值偏酸性,EC值在原基形成后升高,碳氮比逐渐下降至出菇结束的(36~38):1。基质中纤维素酶、木聚糖酶活性在原基形成期最高,漆酶活性在子实体生长期最高,淀粉酶活性在菌丝生长前期最高,子实体生长过程中降低,成熟后上升。日光温室葡萄架下3月初播种灰树花,生物学效率可达40%,与仿野生栽培模式的生物学效率相近。To improve the space and ground utilization of sunlight greenhouse,the authors studied the feasibility of Grifola frondosa cultivation under grape trellis in sunlight greenhouse.In early March,grow G.frondosa every 10 days under grape trellis,environmental factors and physical and chemical properties of G.frondosa of the four sowing periods were determined by temperature and humidity recorder,dry weighing method,Kjeldahl method and so on.From March to June,the daily average temperature range of grape leaf canopy and the humidity range was 15-28℃ and 32%-84%,respectively.The average temperature and humidity range at 20 cm above the ground was 13-28℃ and 55%-95%,respectively.The average temperature range at 10 cm under the ground was 15-26℃.The data showed that the requirements of temperature and humidity during the mushroom cultivation could reach those of grape in spring and summer.After the casing of the mushroom,water content of the media was 50%-57%,and the p H value was acidic.The EC value increased since the formation of the primordium,while the carbon-nitrogen ratio continuously decreased with the final level of（36-38）：1 at the end of the fruiting period.The cellulose and xylanase manifested the highest level during the primordium,while laccase activity reached its maximum during the fruiting stage.Amylase activity reached the highest level in the mycelial growth stage,followed by continuous decrease during fruiting and increase after maturation.The biological conversion rate of G.frondosa cultivation from early March using the present model could reach 40%,which was close to that of G.frondosa cultivation using standard imitative wild culture techniques.

关 键 词：灰树花 葡萄 温室 理化性质 胞外酶活性 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]