饮用水氯和氯胺消毒过程中卤乙酸生成势的比较  

Comparison of Haloacetic Acids Formation Potential between Chlorine and Chloramine Disinfection Process in Drinking Water Treatment

作　　者：区良益 王晓 钟宁 何赞端 罗丽春 张亚超 沈吉敏 陈忠林 

机构地区：[1]瀚蓝环境股份有限公司广东省城市水循环与水质安全保障技术企业重点实验室<产学研>培育基地,广东佛山528200 [2]哈尔滨工业大学环境学院城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150090

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2018年第5期15-20,共6页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2012A061600010);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51078105)

摘　　要：消毒是保证饮用水微生物安全的重要单元,但消毒过程中产生的消毒副产物也会威胁人体健康。以南方某水源水为研究对象,比较氯和氯胺消毒过程中卤乙酸的生成趋势及影响因素。结果表明,p H值、溴离子及天然有机物(NOM)均对卤乙酸的生成量有影响。与氯消毒相比,氯胺消毒除了能显著降低卤乙酸的生成量,还可以抑制溴代乙酸的生成;随着氯消毒或氯胺接触时间的增加,卤乙酸含量逐渐提高,主要卤乙酸为二氯乙酸(DCAA)、三氯乙酸(TCAA)和一溴二氯乙酸(BDCAA),各种卤乙酸含量均随着接触时间的增加而不断增多。氯化消毒24 h时,生成的卤乙酸总量为32.4μg/L,其中DCAA占卤乙酸总量的45.4%,TCAA占卤乙酸总量的21.2%,BDCAA占卤乙酸总量的24.1%;氯胺消毒24 h时的卤乙酸生成总量为3.8μg/L,DCAA占卤乙酸总量的72.0%,TCAA占卤乙酸总量的11.9%,一溴一氯乙酸(BCAA)的比例为16.0%。氯胺消毒时卤乙酸生成的种类和量均比氯化消毒时有显著降低;当p H值升高时,无论是氯化消毒还是氯胺消毒,卤乙酸生成总量均呈降低趋势;氯和氯胺消毒时,随着溴离子浓度的增加,卤乙酸总量均明显增加,溴结合因子(BIF)也随之提高,但与氯消毒相比,氯胺消毒的溴结合因子要低;对氯化消毒和氯胺消毒两种方式进行比较后发现,消毒过程中均是疏水性有机物生成的卤乙酸总量最多,其次是中性有机物,亲水性有机物生成的卤乙酸总量最少。Disinfection unit is an indispensable part of microbial safety control in drinking watertreatment, and the disint^ction by-products （DBPs） produced in disinfection process is an important is- sue, which poses a potential threat to human health. This present work utilized a source water in southern China to compare the haloacetic acids tormation potential （HAAs） in disinfection process with chlorine and chloramine, and evaluate the influence of some factors on the formation of HAAs. The results showed that pH, bromide ion and various natural organic matter （NOM） played important roles in the generation of HAAs. By comparison with chlorine disinfection, chloramine disinfection could lead to a remarkable reduction of HAAs formation, and also suppress the formation of bromoacetic acid. The accunmlation of HAAs gradually enhanced by increasing contact time with chlorine or chloramine, inchuling dichloroace- tic acid （DCAA） , trichloroacetic acid （TCAA） , and dichlorobromoacetic acid （BDCAA）. The concen- tration of various HAAs also gradually increased with increasing contact time. After 24 h disinfection with chh）rination, the total amount of HAAs formation was 32. 4 μg/L, in which DCAA accounted for 45.4% , and TCAA and BDCAA were 21.2% and 24.1% , respectively. Meanwhile, disinfection with chloramine resulted in only 3.8 μg/L of HAAs h）rmation, in which DCAA accounted for 72.0% , and TCAA and chlorobromoacetic acid （BCAA） were 11.9% and 16.0% , respectively. The species and quantities of HAAs generated from disinfection with chloramine were much less than that of disintection with chlorination under the same conditions. The increase of pH exhibited an adverse eftect on the forma- tion of HAAs with chlorination or chloramine disinfection. The amount of HAAs formation significantly enhanced with the increase of the bromide concentration in both chlorine and chloramine disinfection. The bromide incorporation factor （BIF） increased with increasing bromide concentration, and the BIF

关 键 词：氯 氯胺 消毒副产物 卤乙酸生成势 溴结合因子 

分 类 号：TU991[建筑科学—市政工程]