乡村散养家禽场地径流污染物出流规律研究  

Characteristic of Runoff Pollutants from Rural Free-roaming Poultry Farm

作　　者：张忠祥 费一鸣 傅大放[1,4] 

机构地区：[1]东南大学土木工程学院,江苏南京210096 [2]中电建水环境治理技术有限公司,广东深圳518102 [3]昆山城市建设投资发展集团有限公司,江苏昆山215300 [4]东南大学-蒙纳士大学海绵城市联合研究中心,江苏南京210096

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2018年第5期121-125,135,共6页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划重大资助项目(2015BAL02805);江苏省高等学校重点学科建设项目(PAPD)

摘　　要：乡村散养家禽场地径流污染是农业面源污染的重要组成部分,因其分散不易控制,对水环境的影响日益凸显,而摸清该类径流的污染特征是开展相关治理工作的重要基础。为此研究了散养家禽场地径流中主要污染物的出流规律,并初步分析了降雨特征的影响。结果表明,径流污染物事件平均浓度(EMC)较高,COD_(Mn)、TN、TP和NH_3-N的EMC均值分别为地表水Ⅴ类标准限值的1.7、12.1、7.3和3.3倍,TSS的EMC均值为《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)三级标准限值的11.5倍,TN和TP是主要污染物;径流污染物存在弱初期冲刷效应,初期冲刷比值FF_(20)为1.0~1.5;降雨总量和降雨强度对径流污染物特征的影响较显著,与污染物浓度呈显著负相关,与初期冲刷比值呈显著正相关;前期晴天数越长,则径流中TP浓度越高,其他污染物浓度和前期晴天数的相关性不明显。Runoff pollution from rural free-roaming poultry farm is an important part of agricultural non-point source pollution, because of its dispersion and hard to control, its impact on water environment has become increasingly prominent, and finding out the pollution characteristics of this runoff is an impor- tant foundation for carrying out related management work. Therefore, variation of the main pollutants in runoff from rural free-roaming poultry farm was investigated, and its influence by rainfall characteristics was preliminarily analyzed. Results showed that event mean concentration （EMC） of runoff pollutant was high ： the mean values of CODMn, TN, TP and NH3 - N were 1.7, 12.1, 7.3 and 3.3 times as high as the limits of the surface water V class standard, the EMC of TSS was 11.5 times of the three-level stand- ard limit of Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant （GB 18918 - 2002） , and TN and TP were the main pollutants. There existed weak first flush effect of runoff contami-nants, and the first flush ratio FF20 was about 1.0 to 1.5. The effect of total rainfall and rainfall intensity on the characteristics of runoff pollutants was significant, which was negatively correlated with tile poilu- tams concentration and significant positive correlated with the first flush ratio. The longer of sunny days, the higher TP concentration was in the runoff, while the correlation between other pollutant concentrations and the number of sunny days was not significant.

关 键 词：乡村散养家禽 径流污染 事件平均浓度 初期冲刷效应 

分 类 号：TU992.3[建筑科学—市政工程]