农户层面的农业耕地规模对生产效率的影响--对我国广东、江西、河北三省142个农户的跟踪调查  

The Impact of Farm Size on Rural Household-level Production Efficiency

作　　者：张超[1] 孙艺夺 胡瑞法[2] 施冠明 

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学人文与社会科学学院 [2]北京理工大学管理与经济学院 [3]美国威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校

出　　处：《产经评论》2018年第1期132-143,共12页Industrial Economic Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金-CGIAR组织问合作项目“老龄化背景下农业社会化服务的供给侧管理研究”(项目编号：71661147002,项目负责人：胡瑞法);国家重点研发计划试点专项课题“适应不同生产特点的化肥农药减施增效技术推,’“培训新模式研究与评估”(课题编号：2016YFD0201301,项目负责人：胡瑞法);北京理工大学基础研究基金项目“我国长江流域稻农的农药技术服务采用研究”(项目编号：20172242001,项目负责人：张超).

摘　　要：农户作为农业经济体系中一个相对独立的决策单元,在资源调动和生产要素配置方式上,有其独特的一面。我国农民在从事农业生产的同时也普遍参与非农生产,从农户层面考察农业耕地规模对生产效率的影响对于推进农业规模化经营以及保障农民家庭收入持续稳定增长有现实意义。把农户的农业和非农生产纳入统一构架,采用2012-2013年广东省、江西省与河北省142个农户的跟踪调查数据和数据包络分析法估算农户层面生产效率,并运用Tobit模型分析农业耕地规模对农户层面生产效率的影响。结果表明,在同时从事农业生产和非农生产的条件下,农户层面技术效率和分配效率均与农业耕地面积呈现显著的"U"型关系;户主个人特征、家庭特征及农作物种植结构也对农户层面技术效率和分配效率有显著影响。为此,讨论农业经营规模对农户层面生产效率的影响要充分考虑两者之间的非线性关系,农业规模化经营的最低耕地面积应该约为1.8公顷。The relationship between production size and efficiency is a long- lasting economic issue. Since Chinese farmers take part in both farm and off- farm work, it is important to examine the impact of farm size on rural household - level production efficiency for promoting the large - scale farming and ensuring the sustained income growth of the rural households. Based on a survey dataset containing 142 rural households from Guangdong, Jiangxi and Hebei provinces in China during the period of 2012 -2013, this paper utilizes the data envelopment analysis method to estimate the production efficiency indices on the rural household lev- el, and employs the Tobit model to examine the impact of farm size on rural household - level production effi- ciency. The results show that given the fact that the farmers take part in both farm and off- farm work, both the technical and allocative efficiency indices show a ＂U - shaped＂ relationship with farm size. The character- istics of the household head and family, as well as the cropping structure, could also affect rural household - level production efficiency to some extent. In conclusion, the minimum farm size of large - scale farming is considered to be about 1.8 hectare to keep the rural household -level technical and aUocative efficiency from declining.

关 键 词：农业 农户 耕地规模 生产效率 

分 类 号：F325[经济管理—产业经济]