农民集体行使所有权的实践路径与主体定位  

The Practice Forms and Subject Construction in Exercise of Farmers’ Collective Ownership

作　　者：姜红利[1] 宋宗宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学法学院

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2018年第1期36-43,共8页Issues in Agricultural Economy

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学重大攻关项目“农村土地股份制改革的理论探索与制度设计”(编号:13JZD007);重庆市研究生科研创新项目“‘三权分置’政策背景下农村土地经营权流转法制构造研究”(编号:CYB16050)

摘　　要：为了解决农民集体对外行使集体所有权难题，地方实践和学界探索出将农村集体经济组织与农民集体等同并进行法人化构造、将农民集体作为集体土地所有权主体并以土地用益物权出资成立法人等路径。但是，这些做法存在集体土地所有权被流转或者农村集体经济组织和村民委员会被虚化的危险，应当明确农民集体是集体土地所有权的唯一主体．不宜对其进行法人化改造。农村集体经济组织和村民委员会作为特别法人，其特别之处在于其法人属性的动态性与灵活性。前者基于独立经营对外代表农民集体行使集体所有权，其具体法人类型可以分地域分时期灵活选择：后者基于对内管理服务代表集体行使集体所有权，其法人属性依其履行职能需要而确定。To find the way out of the dilemma in the reform of collective property rights, it is impor- tant to recognize and clarify the following issues. First, farmers＇ collective is the only subject of land un- der collective ownership. Second, as special legal person, collective economic organization shall exercise the ownership on behalf of the farmers＇ collective in the sense of independent management and ac- counting, and possess the collective ownership of operational assets. Third, villagers＇ autonomous organ- ization, acting as special legal person, shall excise the collective ownership on behalf of the farmers＇ collective in inner management services.

关 键 词：农民集体 农村集体经济组织 村民委员会 农民集体所有权行使 特别法人 

分 类 号：F321.32[经济管理—产业经济]