机械通风楼房猪舍热环境及有害气体监测与分析  

Monitoring and analysis of thermal environment and harmful gases in mechanically ventilated multistory pig buildings

作　　者：高云[1,2] 刁亚萍 林长光 刘亚轩 郭长明 雷明刚 童宇 黎煊[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]生猪健康养殖协同创新中心,武汉430070 [3]福建光华百斯特生态农牧发展有限公司,三明365106 [4]华中农业大学动物科技学院动物医学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第4期239-247,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金："十三五"国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0500506);现代农业技术体系(CARS-35);福建省科技重大专项(2012NZ0003-3);中央高校自主创新基金(2662017PY086)

摘　　要：楼房养猪模式提高了养殖密度,节约了土地资源,同时也带来了养殖企业对饲养环境的关注。该文以楼房猪舍为监测对象,采用无线传感网络多点部署的方法连续24 h监测不同楼层猪舍的温热环境和有害气体等环境因子参数分布,对比和分析不同楼层间以及同一楼层内不同位置间热环境和有害气体分布的差异性。以每楼层动物所需通风率为基准,将通风情况划分为欠通风、合适通风和过通风3种水平,结果显示中间层(保育猪1960头,10.8±1.9 kg)欠通风造成温湿度指标THI(temperature and humidity index)平均值达27.9,接近舒适区上限28.06。受顶层辐射和底层保温影响,顶层(生长猪940头,51±4.4 kg)温度最大值比底层(生长猪955头,40±3.6 kg)高2.8℃,顶层昼夜温度最大差值达11.6℃。底层湿度高,相对湿度达85.7%。夏季通风条件下,各楼层内的CO2和NH3浓度远低于最高浓度限值,欠通风猪舍CO2和NH3分布不均,且较难排出,其中NH3浓度受猪舍内尿液排出方式影响。各楼层温热和有害气体环境差异性显著,同一层猪舍不同位置环境存在差异。该研究为优化楼房养猪机械通风设计,提高楼房养猪环境控制水平提供理论依据。With the intensive introduction of policies and acts for environmental protection, the farming land shortage situations for domesticated animals are increasingly serious. Innovational multistory pig buildings are introduced to save land resources and thus increase breeding intensities. The following awareness and concerns towards air qualities of animal occupant zones on each floor are being raised among pig producers. In this paper, a wireless sensor network for collecting environmental factors was used to monitor the thermal environments and harmful gases of three representative floors in multistory pig buildings, which were the top floor（7 th floor）, the middle floor（5 th floor） and the ground floor（1 st floor）. According to the heads of animals and their weights on these representative floors, the ventilation situations were determined to be the less-ventilated, the well-ventilated and the over-ventilated levels by comparing the actual ventilation rates with the floor＇s desired ventilation rates. Therefore, the differences of indoor environments between various floors and between multi-locations on the same floor were analyzed with respect to each floor＇s ventilation levels, which eventually revealed the practices of indoor environment in multistory pig buildings. The monitoring was conducted from the 11 th to 21 st May 2017 in Fujian province, located in southern China. Seven wireless sensor nodes were deployed on the top, ground and middle floors respectively. Each floor was monitored over 24 hours, from 9 am of the first day to the same 9 am of the next day. The results were summarized as follows： 1） Ventilation levels had a crucial impact on thermal environments. The less-ventilated levels of the 5 th floor made the temperature-humidity indexes（THIs） higher than those of other floors, with an average value of 27.9 ± 0.8 close to the upper limit of comfort zone, 28.06. The radiation effects on the top floor increased the maximum temperature value of this floor to 34.5 ℃, 2.8 ℃

关 键 词：温度 湿度 通风 楼房猪舍 热环境 有害气体 THI 差异性分析 

分 类 号：TP391[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]