新型改良剂对苏打碱土理化性质及水稻产量的影响  

Effects of a new type of soil amendment on physical and chemical properties of soda alkali-saline soil and yield of the rice

作　　者：董伟 杜学军 王栋 汪顺义 冯浩杰 任雪芹 胡树文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100093

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2018年第1期61-65,共5页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：农业部公益性行业科研专项(201303103-03);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0501200)

摘　　要：为明确新型土壤改良剂对碱土快速改良的效果,筛选出田间应用最佳的改良剂用量,采用田间试验与土柱淋溶模拟相结合方法,设A_0(不加改良剂)、A_1(改良剂5 t·hm^(-2))、A_2(改良剂7.5 t·hm^(-2))、A_3(改良剂15t·hm^(-2))4个处理,研究不同用量改良剂对盐碱土pH值、水溶性盐总量、碱化度、土壤养分变化特性及水稻产量的影响。结果表明:与A_0处理相比,用新型改良剂处理均显著降低了0~40 cm土层pH值、水溶性盐总量和Na+含量(P<0.05),且随改良剂用量增加,呈现降低趋势。田间试验中施用改良剂的土壤碱化度由34.55%(A0)下降至18.20%(A_3)(P<0.05),同时降低了收获后土壤有机质和有效磷的含量(P<0.05)。经改良后,水稻空瘪率显著降低(P<0.05),水稻的有效分蘖增加,穗粒数和千粒重显著提高(P<0.05),其中,A_2处理水稻增产近三倍(290.8%)。综合改良效果与产投比,改良剂适宜施用量为7.5 t·hm^(-2)。To determine the effects of new soil amendment on alkaline soils improvement in a short time,we selected the optimum amendment application rate in field. The study performed four treatments of amendment application levels,0,5,7.5,15 t·hm^(-2),defined as A_0,A1,A_2,A_3 respectively. With a combining field experiment and simulation of soil column leaching,soil p H,total dissolved salt content,alkalization degree,characteristic of soil nutrient transformation and rice yield were measured under different amendment application rates. The results indicated that all the amendment treatments significantly decreased 0 ~ 40 cm soil pH,total dissolved salt content and Na+content( P<0.05),and this trend diminished with amendment application levels. In field,application of amendment reduced soil alkalization from 34.55% to 18.20%,with a significant decrease in SOM and Olsen-P. After the improvement of soil,percentage of blighted grain dramatically reduced while tillering amount and earring amount and particles weight increased. Particularly,the rice yield was increased by nearly three times( 290.8%) in A_2 treatment. Collectively,the optimum application rate of this new amendment is proposed as being 7.5 t·hm^(-2).

关 键 词：苏打型盐碱土 改良剂 水稻产量 土柱淋溶 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S156.4