氮肥运筹对干旱区滴灌甜菜氮素利用及产量的影响  

Effects of nitrogen management on nitrogen use efficiency and yield of sugar beet under drip irrigation in arid regions

作　　者：苏继霞 王开勇[1] 费聪[1] 李阳阳[1] 樊华[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2018年第1期72-75,共4页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31660360);教育部科学技术研究重点项目(212201);新疆生产建设兵团博士基金项目(2014BB012);石河子大学杰出青年科技人才培育计划(2015ZRKXJQ03)

摘　　要：以甜菜品种Beta356为试验材料,研究了氮素运筹[甜菜叶丛快速增长期、块根膨大期、糖分积累期的氮素追施比例分别为6∶3∶1、5∶3∶2、4∶4∶2(用N1、N2、N3表示),以不施氮素的处理为对照(用CK表示)]对滴灌甜菜氮素利用及产量的影响。结果表明:随着生育进程的推进,甜菜干物质积累量呈现先升高后降低的趋势,并在块根膨大期达到最大值;不同处理干物质积累量的差异在甜菜苗期、叶丛快速增长期和块根膨大期均未达到显著水平,至糖分积累期和收获期显著高于CK,且各施肥处理间差异不显著;甜菜氮素阶段积累量与该阶段施氮量相比存在一定的滞后性;不同处理氮素总积累量和氮素运转量均表现为N1>N2>N3>CK,氮素运转率则表现为N1>N2>CK>N3;氮农学利用率和氮表观利用率分别表现为N2>N3>N1和N3>N2>N1,其中N2处理的氮农学利用率分别比N1和N3处理提高了14%和4%,且不同处理间差异显著;收获期各处理甜菜产糖量表现为N3>N2>N1>CK,块根中造蜜性非糖物质(K、Na和α-氨态氮)表现为CK<N2<N3<N1。综合考虑氮素利用、产糖量以及块根品质,N2处理可作为北疆露播滴灌甜菜较为合理的氮素运筹模式。The experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen managem enton nitrogen use efficiency and yield of sugar beet under drip irrigation in arid regions,with the timing treatments of N1,N2,and N3. The results showed that dry matter accumulation of sugar beet increased from seedling to root enlargement stage,and then fell steadily. Nitrogen management had no significant effect on dry matter accumulation of sugar beet in seeding,leaf rapid growth stage and root enlargement stage,but there was a significant difference at sucrose accumulation stage and harvest stage. There is hysteresis between the N accumulation of sugar beet and the N rate. The total N accumulation and the translocation amount showed an order of N1>N2>N3>CK,and the translocation rate of nitrogen as N1>N2>CK>N3. The N agronomic efficiency and N apparent use efficiency was N2>N3>N1 and N3>N2>N1,respectively. N agronomic efficiency and N apparent use efficiency in the N2 treatment were 14% and 4%higher than that in the N1 and N3 treatment,and there was a significant difference among the treatments. The sugar yields were N3>N2>N1>CK in the harvest,and the amount of K、Na and α-amino in root was CK <N2 <N3 <N1.From the sugar yield and nitrogen use efficiency,the N3( 4 ∶ 4 ∶ 2) treatment can be used for reasonable nitrogen management mode of sugar beet under drip irrigation in North Xinjiang.

关 键 词：甜菜 滴灌 氮素运筹 产量 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学] S566.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]