辽宁地区玉米耗水量与产量的关系  

The relationship between yield and water consumption of maize in Liaoning Province

作　　者：张淑杰[1] 周广胜[2] 张玉书[1] 米娜[1] 孟莹 纪瑞鹏[1] 蔡福[1] 武晋雯[1] 李广霞[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所,辽宁沈阳110166 [2]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [3]中国气象局气象干部培训学院辽宁分院,辽宁沈阳110166 [4]辽宁省气象台,辽宁沈阳110166

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2018年第1期244-250,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2015IAE-CMA05;2011GY04);中国气象局气候变化项目(CCSF201609);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41330531)

摘　　要：为探讨生长季自然降水条件下水分状况对玉米产量的影响,利用锦州2011、2012年和2014年玉米分期播种试验数据和1981—2010年辽宁农业气象历史资料,研究干旱年份水分与玉米产量的定量关系。结果表明:玉米产量和总耗水量间呈二次抛物线的关系(R^2=0.793,F=105,P=0.0001,n=57),当耗水量达到400~600 mm时,玉米能够获得高产;玉米不同生育阶段需水量呈现抽雄~乳熟期>拔节~抽雄期>出苗~拔节期>乳熟~成熟期>播种~出苗期的变化规律,各阶段日耗水强度分别为5.75、4.78、2.36、1.84 mm·d^(-1)和1.35 mm·d^(-1)。在分析相对叶面积指数和相对作物系数关系的基础上,提出了作物水分胁迫系数的相对叶面积订正方法,建立了以Jenson模型为基础的玉米水分生产函数模型。To understand the effects of water conditions on yield of maize,the quantitative relationship between maize yield and water consumption was studied using the observation data of maize field experiments( sowing at different sowing dates) during 2011—2012 and 2014 in Jinzhou Agricultural Ecosystem Research Station,and those from 21 agrometeorological experimental stations from 1981 to 2010 in Liaoning province. The results showed that the relationship between yield and total water consumption of maize can be described by a quadratic curve equation( R^2= 0.793,F = 105,P = 0.0001,n = 57). When water consumption reached 400 ~ 600 mm,the maximum yield of maize could be obtained. The order of water demand( from high to low) for different developmental stages of maize is tasseling to milk stage>elongation to tasseling stage>emergence to elongation stage>milk to phsiology mature>sowing to emergence,and the corresponding daily water consumption intensity is 5.75,4.78,2.36,1.84 mm·d^(-1) and 1.35 mm·d^(-1),respectively. Based on the analysis of the relationship between relative leaf area index and relative crop coefficient,the correction method based on relative leaf area index for crop water stress coefficient was proposed. At the same time,maize water production function model was established on the basis of Jenson model.The accurate determination of water stress sensitivity index in this study provided reference for evaluation of the quantitative relationship between water consumption and yield of maize under drought stress.

关 键 词：玉米 耗水量 水分生产函数模型 相对叶面积指数订正方法 产量预测 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S162.5