基于多植物生长模式的SWAT模型的修正与有效性初探  

Modification and efficiency of SWAT model based on multi-plant growth model

作　　者：赖格英[1,2] 仇霖 张智勇 潘瑞鑫[2] 曾祥贵[2] 张玲玲[2] 易发钊[2] 

机构地区：[1]鄱阳湖湿地与流域研究教育部重点实验室,南昌330022 [2]江西师范大学地理与环境学院,南昌330022 [3]江西省赣州市气象局,赣州341000

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2018年第2期472-487,共16页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40971266;41171393)资助

摘　　要：以农林系统的非点源污染模拟为目标,通过研究建立变化密度及多种类混杂的森林生长模型,修正了SWAT模型采用平均森林植被密度和单一植物生长模式估算生物累积量的问题,并建立了与之相适应的森林优势组份丰度遥感反演模型、叶面积指数和消光系数遥感反演模型以获取森林生长模型的相关参数.同时,根据间作套种下的辐射能利用Keating方程,引入间作套种指数变量,修正SWAT原有的单一生物量日积累模型,探讨了作物复种指数、间作套种指数遥感反演方法和以此为基础的作物间作套种生长模型.以亚热带季风湿润区红壤背景下的鄱阳湖流域子流域梅江流域为试验区,以野外实测数据为基础,探讨修正SWAT模型的有效性.结果表明:修正后的SWAT模型与原始SWAT模型相比,在模拟流量和营养盐负荷方面,得到了较好的改善.在模拟流量方面,有效性提高了7.8%,流量峰值的模拟也得到了改善,能更好地反映地表蓄流方面的实际情况;在模拟营养盐负荷方面,有效性提高了6.4%(总磷)和6.1%(总氮).This project focuses on the simulation of non-point source pollution( NPSP) of agro-forestry system in Lake Poyang Basin. Based on field survey and measured data,a forestry-growth model of changing density and mixed forestry have been built to improve the model of single plant-growth and biomass accumulation with averaged forestry density in SWAT model. This project also establishes necessary matching models such as the model of vegetation coverage fraction( VCF),the model of forest component abundance( FCA),the model of leaf area index( LAI) and extinction coefficient( EC) to get the relevant parameters of forest growth model by remote sensing techniques. Meanwhile,according to the Keating equation,a new model of radiant energy utilization of intercropping is added to original SWAT to modify its single daily-biomass accumulation model. The estimating methods of crop multi cropping index( MCI) and intercropping index( ICI),using remote sensing techniques,are all under investigation in this project. The temporal-spatial impacts of forest vegetation landscape on NPSP have been simulated,with these newly introduced variables( VCF,FCA and LAI of vegetation). The results show that the modified SWAT performs better in the aspect of flow simulation and nutrient loading,compared with the original SWAT. Based on the data from the field of Lake Poyang in the subtropical monsoon wetland and the red soil background,the effectiveness of the modified SWAT model was discussed. The results show that the modified SWAT performs better in the aspect of flow simulation and nutrient loading,compared with the original SWAT. The effectiveness of the simulations was improved by 7. 8%,and the simulation of the peak flow rate was also improved to better reflect the actual situation of surface runoff. In simulating nutrient loading,the effectiveness was improved by 6. 4%( total phosphorus)and 6. 1%( total nitrogen).

关 键 词：SWAT模型 多植物生长模式 修正 非点源污染 鄱阳湖流域 梅江流域 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]