仿生手掰穗玉米收获装置结构及运行参数优化  

Optimization of operating parameter and structure for corn ear picking device by bionic breaking ear hand

作　　者：陈美舟 程修沛 贾晓东[3] 张丽萍 李其昀[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,淄博255000 [2]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083 [3]山东建筑大学理学院,济南250000 [4]青岛欧特美交通设备有限公司,青岛266000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第5期15-22,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：农业科技成果转化资金项目(2014GB2C600022);山东省重点研发计划项目(2015GGX101003);山东省农机装备研发创新计划项目(2016YF029;2017YF058)

摘　　要：针对板式摘穗含杂率高,辊式摘穗果穗啃伤、籽粒损失严重等问题,该文提出了一种仿生掰穗手式玉米收获机构。通过对该机构及关键部件的理论分析,确定整机结构参数,掰穗手数目1~3个、掰穗手速度0.95~2.85 m/s、夹持导轨行进速度0.83~1.67 m/s;利用搭建的仿生掰穗手式玉米收获台架试验装置,以掰穗手数目、掰穗手速度、夹持导轨行进速度作为试验因素对籽粒损失进行三因素三水平二次回归正交试验;通过Design-Expert 8.0.6数据分析软件,建立各因素与指标的响应面数学模型,分析了各因素与评价指标之间的关系,同时,对影响因素进行了综合优化。试验结果表明:各因素对籽粒损失率均有显著影响(P<0.05),影响主次顺序为掰穗手速度>掰穗手数目>夹持导轨行进速度;得到各试验因素最优参数组合为掰穗手数目2个,掰穗手速度2.15 m/s,夹持导轨行进速度1.14 m/s,对应的籽粒损失率为0.031%。根据该试验参数组合,进行台架试验验证,可以得到籽粒损失率为0.04%,评价指标与理论优化值的相对误差仅为0.009%,远低于国家标准(2%),优化预测模型可靠。该研究实现了玉米果穗的低损收获,验证了模仿人工掰穗的可能性,为低损伤玉米收获的研发提供了参考。In China, the planting area of corn was expanded to 3676 million hm2, which accounted for about 32.5% of the national planting area of corn by 2016. And its output reached 21955 million tons in the same year. Corn has become the first crop in place of wheat and rice for many years. Mechanical grain harvesting has been the developing direction of corn harvesting technology. In addition, the production and processing of fresh maize are rapidly developing and gradually walking up to the industrialization. Now the fresh maize harvesting mechanization is still backward in China. Grain harvesting and fresh maize harvesting both require low damage to corn ears. In recent years, corn harvesters have been developed rapidly with the improvement of the subsidies on agriculture. However its low level of mechanical harvesting is unable to meet the requirement of low damage and therefore has restricted the development of corn mechanical harvesting compared to other crops. The high loss rate, high impurity content and high damage rate of the traditional snapping type harvester, including snapping rollers type, snapping plate type and their combined type, have been the choke points of combine harvester development because of extrusion or nibbling on the corn ear for a long time. According to investigation, the study of bionic corn ear picking is rare abroad, and the research institutes mainly study the principle of snapping corn ear at home, which is only the theoretical study. So a new way to pick up corn ear is needed urgently. In order to solve these problems, our research team has designed the bionic device of breaking corn ears, studied the speed of bionic hand of breaking corn ear and carried out the experiment on power consumption. To verify the feasibility of low damage harvesting, the test device was built, which included bionic device of breaking ear corn, pulling stem device and clamping feeding device, and the whole structural working mechanism of the machine was introduced in detail in this research. The structure p

关 键 词：农业机械 仿生 优化 玉米收获 低损伤 籽粒损失 

分 类 号：S225[农业科学—农业机械化工程]