明代贵州治所城市的修筑及布局刍议  

Study on the Construction and Layout of Seat of Local Government of Guizhou in Ming Dynasty

作　　者：杨旭[1] 张保立 

机构地区：[1]西南大学西南历史地理研究所,重庆400715

出　　处：《凯里学院学报》2018年第1期89-97,共9页Journal of Kaili University

摘　　要：贵州古代城市的起源,因所处地理环境和民族社会的发展,在不同阶段呈现出不同的形态与类型。至明代,城池类型主要由土司城堡和军政一体为主的治所城市两大部分构成。明初因开"一线路"以通边陲,创设卫所,成为贵州初期城市的雏形。而伴随着地域结构的变化,社会治理与民族治略的需要,逐渐增设府州县,从国家薄弱区域转变成为核心控制区,以此扩大了城池的密度。而这些城市在修筑与布局方面,因受到山地环境的影响,呈现出山地城市的多形态、规模小、发展不均衡的特征,并与国家政治、军事、文化、社会需求紧密相连,也是见证了国家与民族关系变化的产物。The origin of the city in ancient Guizhou presented different forms and types in different historical stages due to the geographical environment and social development. Till Ming Dynasty,the types of city mainly included chieftain castles and seat of government centered by the integration of the military and politics. In early Ming Dynasty,as the government established one route to connect the central land and border land,garrisons were established to become the prototype of the early city in Guizhou. Because of the change of regional structure and needs of social governance and the national governance,administrative divisions and counties were established gradually. Then Guizhou turned from a region with weak administration from the central government into a key controlled area,and the city density correspondingly increased. Affected by the mountain environment,these cities were featured by multiple forms,small scale and uneven development in terms of construction and layout,and also the development of these cities was closely related to the country's political,military,cultural and social demand which could be the witness of the change of relationship between the nation and ethnic groups.

关 键 词：明代 贵州 治所 筑城 布局 

分 类 号：K928.6[历史地理—人文地理学]