最后通牒博弈中的公平偏好:基于双系统理论的视角  

Fairness preferences in the Ultimate Game: A dual-system theory perspective

作　　者：张慧[1] 马红宇[1] 徐富明[2] 刘燕君[3] 史燕伟 

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学心理学院,武汉430079 [2]江西师范大学心理学院,南昌330022 [3]中国人民大学劳动人事学院,北京100872

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2018年第2期319-330,共12页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(31200795);国家自然科学基金面上项目(71571083);华中师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目(CCNU14Z02015);2017年华中师范大学优秀博士学位论文培育计划(2017YBZZ089)资助

摘　　要：在最后通牒博弈中,自利动机与公平偏好的权衡决定着个体拒绝或者接受不公平分配。根据双系统理论,对于个体拒绝不公平分配是系统1中的自动反应还是系统2中的控制加工这一争议,从理论假说、影响因素和脑机制三个方面进行了探讨。自动消极互惠假说和社会启发假说支持公平偏好的自动加工假说,公平偏好控制假说则认为公平偏好是抑制自利动机的控制加工的结果。系统1通过脑岛、杏仁核和腹内侧前额叶皮层识别和评估公平行为;系统2通过扣带回皮层、腹外侧、背内侧和背外侧前额叶皮层,对系统1进行重新评估和调节并做出相应的决策。个体差异因素和实验任务特征可能会影响个体在系统1中的自动反应。未来研究需要进一步完善实验范式,深入探索其中的调节变量及其神经网络。The ultimatum game is commonly used to examine fairness-related economic decision making, and the trade-off between fairness preferences and self-interest is assumed to determine whether individuals reject or accept unfair offers. With respect to the dual-system theory, there are controversial understandings on whether fairness preferences result from the automatic response in System 1 or the deliberation processes in System2. Our study discussed such controversy from three aspects of this theory, including theoretical hypotheses, influential factors, and neural mechanisms. The automatic negative reciprocity hypothesis and the social heuristics hypothesis contend that fairness preferences are automatic, whereas the controlled-processing hypothesis contends that fairness preferences are products of deliberation process that suppresses self-interest motivation. System 1 identifies and evaluates fairness via anterior insula, amygdala, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex; while System 2 reassesses and adjusts System 1 to make the final decision via dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, ventrolateral PFC, dorsomedial PFC, and left dorsolateral PFC. Individual differences and experimental task characteristics may affect individuals＇ automatic responses in System 1. Future research need to further improve the experimental paradigm; explore the moderators within the dual system and its neural network.

关 键 词：公平 最后通牒博弈 双系统理论 公平偏好自动假说 公平偏好控制假说 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]