我国龙眼园土壤养分肥力状况  

Evaluation on soil nutrient fertility of longan orchards in China

作　　者：周昌敏 何兆桓 李国良 姚丽贤[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642 [2]广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2017年第11期58-67,共10页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-33-08)

摘　　要：在我国龙眼主产区采集龙眼园土壤样本312个,采用全国第二次土壤普查土壤养分分级指标,评价龙眼园土壤养分肥力状况。结果表明:除四川龙眼园土壤pH值为中性外,其他龙眼主产区龙眼园土壤pH整体为酸性;龙眼园土壤阳离子交换量低,保水保肥能力弱;有机质、碱解氮和速效钾含量为中下,有效钙和有效镁含量除四川龙眼园为丰富外,其他产区整体均为低水平;有效磷、有效硫和有效锌含量丰富,有效铜含量则为中上水平,而土壤有效硼和钼含量缺乏。硼和钼是我国龙眼园土壤最普遍缺乏的元素,钙、镁次之。建议龙眼园注意改良土壤,提高土壤pH,重点加强龙眼硼、钼和钙施用技术的研究。China,the origin area of longan,is the largest longan production region in the world. 312 soil samples were collected in longan orchards from main production areas in China,and soil pH and nutrient concentrations were examined. Soil nutrient fertility in longan orchard was evaluated using the soil nutrient classification standard issued by the second national soil survey. The results show that soil pH of longan orchards is acidic,with the exception of neutral soil in Sichuan longan orchard. Cation exchange capacity of longan soils was generally low,indicating the shortage of water and nutrient holding capacity. Concentrations of organic matter,alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium were at medium to low level. Both soil exchangeable calcium and magnesium were in low levels with the exception of abundant exchangeable Ca and Mg in Sichuan longan orchards. Soils in longan orchards were rich in available phosphorous,sulfur and zinc,however,deficient in available boron and molybdenum,with medium to deficient level of available copper. Boron and molybdenum were the most widely deficient nutrients in longan orchard soils,and calcium and magnesium next. Based on the soil nutrient fertility of longan orchards,soil acidity improvement should be focused,and application of boron,molybdenum and calcium is worthy to be further investigated.

关 键 词：龙眼 土壤特性 养分肥力 土壤调查 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]