适用于陆上石油勘探的地震检波器  

Suitable sensors for land seismic survey

作　　者：魏继东[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石化石油工程地球物理公司胜利分公司,山东东营257100

出　　处：《石油地球物理勘探》2017年第6期1127-1136,共10页Oil Geophysical Prospecting

摘　　要：陆上石油勘探中采用过多种基于不同工作原理的检波器(如动圈式模拟检波器、MEMS数字检波器、涡流检波器、电化学检波器及光纤检波器等),而实际地震数据采集中多年来一直是动圈式模拟检波器(如SM-4、20DX等)占据主导地位。通过分析地震采集阶段信号、噪声的特性以及地震检波器的性能指标及其与地球物理特征之间的关系,提出了检波器类型对比试验的设计原则、采集阶段初步评估地震资料的方法。认为在当前去噪能力下(即通过后续压噪手段、仍难以将机械属性的环境噪声、原生噪声及次生噪声衰减到与电噪声属性的本底噪声相当的水平),对于垂直分量而言,以20DX为代表的动圈式检波器仍是数据合格、费用合理、施工方便的高效率检波器;同时指出了某些新型检波器存在的不足及今后陆用检波器的发展方向。The sensor is a significant device for seismic acquisition.Up to now various types of sensors are developed for land seismic petroleum exploration,such as movingcoiled geophone,MEMS accelerometer,electrochemical seismometer,fiberlaser geophone,piezoceramic geophone,etc.But for practical seismic acquisition cases,conventional movingcoiled geophones are mostly used.Based on analysis of comparative characteristics of seismic signal and noise,the author clarifies the relationships between sensor specifications and data performance,and then gives some proposals for sensor comparison.Accordingly,the author considers that 20DX coiled geophones are still data-qualified,operationeasy,and costefficient sensors under the current data acquisition frame.Furthermore,some comments are presented to several typical sensors.

关 键 词：检波器 地震勘探 动圈式检波器 陆上 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]