“十二五”期间某省职业病发病情况及趋势分析  

Incidence of occupational diseases in a province of China during the period of ＂Twelfth Five-Year Plan＂ and its trend

作　　者：高茜茜[1] 张恒东[1] 白莹[1] 韩磊[1] 沈涵[1] 张峻[1] 朱宝立[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省疾病预防控制中心,南京210028

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2017年第12期925-928,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：江苏省医学创新团队（CXTDA2017029）;江苏省青年医学人才项目（QNRC2016536）

摘　　要：目的 了解某省“十二五”期间职业病发病现状,分析疾病谱特征、地区、行业分布特点和发病趋势.方法 于2016年3月,汇总2011年1月1日至2015年12月31日职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统数据,以报告职业病病例为分析对象,针对该省“十二五”期间报告职业病病例的性别、年龄、工龄、企业类型、规模、地区特点和发展趋势进行分析.结果 该省职业病发病数总体呈波动发展,逐渐下降的趋势.“十二五”期间累计新发职业病5 036例,以男性（89.45％）、40～69岁（69.78％）为主;新发职业病种类以尘肺和职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病为主,分别占72.48％、7.23％;尘肺病接害工龄在5～10年时发病最多,其他职业病多集中在小于10年;新发职业病病例多出现在小微型企业,高发地区为无锡、苏州和盐城市.结论 该省“十二五”期间职业病防治有所成效,职业病发病形势仍然严峻,但呈现下降趋势,仍需关注男性、年龄在40岁以上的职业高危人群以及职业性噪声聋的防治,加强对小微型企业的监管力度.Objective To investigate the incidence of occupational diseases in a province of China during the period of ＂Twelfth Five-Year Plan＂,and to analyze the features of disease spectrum,the characteristics of regional and industrial distribution,and incidence trend.Methods Data （2011-2015） were collected from the Information System of Occupational Diseases and Occupational Health to analyze the reported cases of occupational diseases during the period of ＂Twelfth Five-Year Plan＂.A statistical analysis was performed to identify the characteristics of the disease distribution in terms of sex,age,working years,enterprise type,enterprise scale,and region,as well as the incidence trend.Results The overall incidence of occupational diseases in this province fluctuated and decreased gradually.There were a total of 5036 new cases of occupational diseases during the period of ＂Twelfth Five-Year Plan＂;89.45% of them were male,and 69.78% of them were aged 40-69 years;the most frequently seen occupational diseases were pneumoconiosis （72.48%） and ear,nose,throat,and oral diseases （7.23%）.Most cases of pneumoconiosis occurred after 5-10 years of exposure,and other occupational diseases usually developed within 10 years of exposure.New cases of occupational diseases were often seen in small and micro enterprises,as well as Wuxi,Suzhou,and Yancheng.Conclusion During the period of ＂Twelfth Five-Year Plan＂,the incidence of occupational diseases in this province decreased gradually,indicating improved control of occupational diseases,but we still need to pay attention to the high-risk population （male,aged over 40 years）,as well as the prevention of occupational noise-induced hearing loss,and to strengthen the supervision of small and micro enterprises.

关 键 词：职业病 尘肺 职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]