近55 a托木尔峰国家级自然保护区气候及径流变化特征  

Climatic and Runoff Characteristics of Tomur National Nature Reserve for Recent 55 Years

作　　者：满苏尔.沙比提 张雪琪[1] 马国飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,乌鲁木齐830054

出　　处：《山地学报》2017年第6期769-777,共9页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41461107)~~

摘　　要：本文运用多种方法对托木尔峰自然保护区1961—2015年气温、降水、径流变化及其影响因子进行分析,旨在为当地水资源合理利用提供理论支撑。结果显示:55 a来气温升高1.5℃,其中保护区北坡中山带上升最高为1.7℃;春夏秋冬季分别升高了1.2℃、1.1℃、1.7℃和1.9℃,秋冬季对增温的贡献率较大;在春季南坡高山带增温最高为1.4℃、夏秋季北坡中山带增温最高为1.8℃和2.3℃、冬季南坡低山带增温最高为2.8℃;降水年增率1.27 mm,其中南坡中山带年增率最大为2.38 mm;四季年增率分别为春季0.15 mm、夏季0.55 mm、秋季0.41 mm、冬季0.13 mm,夏秋季对增湿贡献率较大;春季南坡高山带年增率最大为0.32 mm、夏秋季南坡中山带年增率最大为1.03 mm和0.77 mm、冬季北坡中山带年增率最大为0.22 mm;库玛拉克河径流量年增率为0.25×108m3,台兰河径流量年增率为0.01×108m3,保护区气温和降水的变化是造成径流变化的主要因素,尤其是春季降水和夏季气温的影响最为显著。In this paper,temperature,precipitation,runoff and its influencing factors collected in Tomur Nature Reserve from 1961 to 2015 were analyzed by various methods to provide theoretical foundation for rational utilization of local water resources. Results showed that the air temperature increased by 1. 5 ℃ on average in 55 years,where the highest in the middle zone of north slope of the reserve increased by 1. 7 ℃,with a increment of 1. 2 ℃,1. 1℃,1. 7 ℃ and 1. 9 ℃ in spring,summer,autumn and winter,respectively,suggesting both autumn and winter played a more active role in warming than other seasons. In spring,the maximum temperature rise in the alpine zone of the southern slope of the reserve was 1. 4 ℃. In summer or autumn,in the middle zone of the northern slope there occurred temperature growth with a maximum value of 1. 8 ℃ or 2. 3 ℃,respectively,and the highest temperature increase in the lower zone of the southern slope was 2. 8 ℃ in winter. The increase rate of annual precipitation was 1. 27 mm,with the maximum value of 2. 38 mm/a observed in the middle zone of the southern slope. Separately,the annual increase rates amounted to 0. 15 mm in spring,0. 55 mm in summer,0. 41 mm in autumn and 0. 13 mm in winter,suggesting summer and autumn more responsible for humidity. In spring,the maximum annual increase rate of precipitation in the alpine zone of the southern slope was 0. 32 mm. In summer and autumn,the maximum annual increase rate in the middle zone of the southern slope was 1. 03 mm and 0. 77 mm,respectively. In winter,the annual increase rate in the middle zone of the northern slope was 0. 22 mm. The annual increase rate of runoff in the Tailan River is 0. 01 × 10^8 m^3 and in Kumalake River 0. 25 × 10^8 m^3. The changes of temperature and precipitation in the reserve were the main factors resulting in runoff change. Especially the effect of spring precipitation and summer air temperature was the most significant.

关 键 词：气候变化 径流变化 影响因子 托木尔峰自然保护区 

分 类 号：P339[天文地球—水文科学] P467[水利工程—水文学及水资源]