监护人对预防接种知识知晓率相关因素分析  

Correlated factors of guardian's awareness rate about pediatric vaccination knowledge

作　　者：符佳[1] 张晓芳[1] 张玉凤[1] 朱欣欣 杨亚荣[1] 刘黎明[2] 杜嘉仪 

机构地区：[1]西安市儿童医院感染科,陕西西安710003 [2]西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院预防保健科,陕西西安710061 [3]西安高新第一中学,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《中国妇幼健康研究》2017年第12期1616-1619,共4页Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research

摘　　要：目的分析监护人对儿童预防接种知识的知晓率,并探讨其相关影响因素。方法选用简单随机抽样的方法,自拟自填式调查问卷,于2016年1月至2017年3月对西安市莲湖区内480名儿童监护人进行预防接种知识调查,并对调查结果进行分析。结果 480名监护人的预防接种知识平均知晓率为76.65%,一类和二类疫苗种类的知识知晓率最低,占63.25%,其中扩大免疫计划后新增的一类疫苗的知晓率仅为43.29%。在不同职业及文化程度的监护人中,机关事业干部的预防接种知识知晓率最高(占84.08%),大专及以上文化程度监护人的预防接种知识知晓率最高(占80.19%),其差异均有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为7.562、8.037,均P<0.01)。预防接种证是监护人预防接种知识最主要的来源,文化程度偏高的监护人预防接种知识的理想获取途径为接种告知书、报纸等文字宣传资料(χ~2值分别为10.090、9.241,均P<0.01),而文化程度偏高的监护人更希望通过接种门诊候诊处宣传画及视频等图像资料来获取预防接种知识(χ~2值分别为10.281、12.887,均P<0.01)。文化程度和职业是影响儿童监护人预防接种知识知晓率的独立因素(OR值分别为0.086、0.000,均P<0.01)。结论儿童监护人对儿童预防接种知识的知晓率仍需提高,可根据文化程度及职业的不同制定有针对性的宣传政策,着重加强对低知晓率监护人的宣教,提高监护人主动寻求免疫服务的需求,保障儿童健康。Objective To analyze the awareness rate of guardian about pediatric vaccination knowledge and the correlated factors.Methods A simple random sampling method was used and self-filling questionnaire survey was conducted during January 2016 to March 2017 among 480 guardians in Lianhu District,and the surveyed results were analyzed.Results Among 480 guardians,the awareness rate about pediatric vaccination knowledge was 76.65% on average,and the awareness rate about type I and type II vaccine was the lowest（63.25%）,of which the awareness rate about type I vaccine after expanded immunization planning was only43.29%.In guardians with different professions and cultural levels,official cadres had highest awareness rate about vaccination（84.08%）,and awareness rate of guardians with college or above education level was highest（80.19%）with significant difference（χ~2 value was 7.562 and 8.037,respectively,both P〈0.01）.Vaccination certificate was the most important source of vaccination knowledge of guardians,while the ideal way of guardians with high cultural degree was vaccination informed books,newspapers and other promotional materials（χ~2 value was 10.090 and 9.241,respectively,both P〈0.01）and they preferred propaganda through vaccination clinics and video image data（χ~2 value was 10.281 and 12.887,respectively,both P〈0.01）.The cultural degree and profession were independent factors influencing guardian＇s awareness about vaccination knowledge（ORvalue was 0.086 and 0.000,respectively,both P〈0.01）.Conclusion Awareness rate of guardians about pediatric vaccination knowledge still needs to be improved,and targeted propaganda policy on vaccination knowledge could be taken according to different cultural level and profession.Propaganda and education for guardians with low awareness rate are emphasis,and demands of active seeking immune service should be enhanced to protect children＇s health.

关 键 词：儿童监护人 预防接种 知晓率 影响因素 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]