区块链全局账本数据的拆分技术研究  

Research on splitting technology of blockchain data

作　　者：于雷 金岩[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [2]中国科学院计算技术研究所计算机应用研究中心,北京100190

出　　处：《高技术通讯》2017年第11期875-888,共14页Chinese High Technology Letters

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.61202413)资助项目

摘　　要：分析了区块链用于交易网络的技术特点,指出在目前的区块链技术架构中,交易数据和新区块数据的泛洪式全网广播及全局区块链数据在所有共识节点全复制存储,成为区块链系统规模扩展的瓶颈。考虑到区块链网络存在交易频率局部性这一特征,提出了将区块链全网共识划分为若干区域子网共识的方法,并解决了网络划分前后的"双花"问题、节点的跨区移动和跨区支付问题,使得网络I/O负载和区块链数据存储负载在全网均匀划分。该方法是在区块链原有核心协议基础上进行的优化和改进,因此,并不会引入额外的安全问题。最后,利用数学方法理论分析了划分区块链网络前后的系统整体负载变化情况,证明了该方法在资源消耗方面具有明显的优势。The technical characteristics of applying blockchains to transaction networks are analyzed,and facing the present block chain architecture,the bottleneck in scale expansion of blockchain systems due to the flooding of all network broadcast of transaction data and new blockchain data as well as the full copy storage of global blockchain data in all consensus nodes is pointed out. In consideration of the local feature of blockchain networks,a scheme dividing the consensus of whole blockchain network into multiple sub-networks＇ consensus is proposed,and the ＂double＂problem before and after network partition and the cross zone movement and cross-border payment problem of nodes are solved,so the even dividing of the network I/O load and the blockchain data storage load cross the whole network is achieved. This scheme is optimized and improved based on the native protocol of blockchain,no other security threats are introduced. Finally,the storage load change is analyzed by the mathematical method,and the results show that the proposed scheme has significant advantage in resource consumption of blockchain networks.

关 键 词：区块链 数据分区 拆分技术 双花问题 跨区交易 扩展性 

分 类 号：F821[经济管理—财政学] TP311.13[自动化与计算机技术—计算机软件与理论]