释常人——非索引性、后文化、世界主义的人类行动者  

Apprehending Anyone: The Non-indexical, Post-cultural, and Cosmopolitan Human Actor

作　　者：奈杰尔.拉波特 高岚[2] 

机构地区：[1]圣安德鲁斯大学人类学与哲学研究中心 [2]西南交通大学外国语学院,四川成都610031

出　　处：《百色学院学报》2017年第6期58-73,共16页JOURNAL OF BAISE UNIVERSITY

摘　　要：文章认为,个人是一种行动者,有着超越社会团体和文化传统的成员身份之外的认同,个人作为一种本体论意义上的真实,广泛地存在着。用人类学对这一角色进行认识,无论是在实证意义上还是伦理道义上都是有必要的。本文将这一超然的个体角色命名为"常人"。在对"常人"做出介绍之后,文章将呈现对该角色已有的社会评论以及来自于文化、制度、现实政治和现象学等角度的批评。作者反对这些批评意见,而将"常人"视作一种本体论和道德意义上的存在,这一结论源于民族志记录,从人类学角度而言是很有说服力的。"常人"是处于角色扮演中的个体,是有能力"冒充"作任何社会团体、任何文化传统成员的行动者。人类学有责任将"常人"引入社会学分析和国家治理方略的研究视野。This article argues that the individual, as an actor with an identity over and above his or her mem-bership in social groupings and cultural traditions, exists universally as an ontological reality. The recognition ofthis figure in anthropology is both an empirical and a moral necessity. The article gives the moniker,＂Anyone＂, tothe transcendent individual figure. The course of the article, after the introduction of Anyone, is to survey the cri-tiques that have appeared in social commentary of such a figure, critiques of cultural, institutional, real-politischeand phenomenological kinds. The article offers arguments against these critiques so as to invest Anyone with an on-tological and a moral existence that is anthropologically persuasive and accords to the ethnographic record. Anyoneis the individual within the role-player, the actor who has the capacity to＂pass＂as member of any social grouping,any cultural tradition. There is an anthropological duty to conceive of ways in which Anyone can pass into socialanalysis and statecraft alike.

关 键 词：常人 世界主义 非索引性 后文化 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]