制造业国际贸易的竞争性和互补性:来自国内技术含量视角的分析  

The Competitiveness and Complementarity of Manufacturing Industry in International Trade: From the Perspective of Domestic Technology Value

作　　者：王林辉 应洁妤 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学经济与管理学部 [2]伦敦大学东欧斯拉夫学院

出　　处：《南京社会科学》2018年第2期12-20,共9页Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目"新常态下我国经济增长动力转换和新增长点培育研究"(15AZD002)阶段性成果

摘　　要：已有研究出口贸易国际竞争力问题的文献往往关注贸易量,忽视贸易的技术含量。本文基于生产工序技术含量的测度方法,测算1996-2011年中国及主要国家制造业的出口品国内技术含量,并重新构建引入国内技术含量的贸易相对优势指数、竞争性和互补性指数,评价中国制造业出口贸易的国际竞争力及其与代表性国家的贸易互补性。结果表明:中国制造业出口品技术含量总体呈现增长态势,纺织、皮革和制鞋业等传统行业技术结构指数较高,而高技术含量行业如电子和光学仪器制品业技术结构指数不高,在于其国内技术含量偏低。中国在国际市场上的竞争力总体呈上升趋势,其中纺织、皮革和制鞋业、电子和光学仪器制品业和机械制造业在世界排名中已然处于中上游水平,特别是纺织、皮革和制鞋业既具有技术优势也具有市场份额优势。而电子和光学仪器制品业中国与发达国家的竞争性与互补性并存,由于产业链存在断层特别是缺失核心环节,形成了对发达国家的贸易依赖性。中国若要实现对外贸易的稳定增长,需提高出口品的国内技术含量。The published literatures about the competitiveness in international trade always focus on the trade amount while ignoring the technology value. Therefore,according to the new measurement based on production process,this paper calculates the domestic technology value of China＇s and other major countries＇ manufacturing industry from 1996 to 2011,and reconstructs the Revealed Comparative Advantages index,competitiveness index and complementarity index so as to evaluate the international competitiveness of China＇s manufacturing. The results showed that there was an upward trend in the domestic technology value in the subdivisions of China＇s manufacturing industry,the technological structure index of some traditional industries such as textile,footwear and leather industry was significantly higher than that of those high-tech industries such as electronic and optical instrument industry. Moreover,the international competitiveness of China was improved in general,and textile,footwear and leather industry; electronic and optical instrument industry;and machinery manufacturing industry had been in the upper and middle levels in world rankings,especially that textile,footwear and leather industry had technological and market sharing advantages. However,as for electronic and optical instrument industry,China was competitive with other developed countries as well as complementary to them; and there was a fault in its industrial chain and the lack of the core link which led to the trade dependence to the developed countries. If China wants to keep the steady increase in foreign trade,the domestic technology value should be increased to propel the industrial chain to an upper level.

关 键 词：国内技术含量 贸易相对优势指数 贸易竞争性 贸易互补性 

分 类 号：F752[经济管理—国际贸易]