基于火三角模型的锂离子电池火灾事故树分析  

Fault tree analysis method for lithium ion battery failure mode based on the fire triangle model

作　　者：黄沛丰 刘家亮[2] 金翼[2] 范元亮 黎可 王青松[1,5] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,合肥230026 [2]中国电力科学研究院电池储能技术实验室,北京100192 [3]国网福建省电力有限公司电力科学研究院,福州350007 [4]福建省高供电可靠『生配电技术企业重点实验室,福州350007 [5]中国科学技术大学先进技术研究院,合肥230094

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2018年第1期66-69,共4页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家电网公司科技项目(DG71-16-016);国家自然科学基金委面上基金项目(51674228)

摘　　要：为研究导致锂离子电池火灾事故的基本事件及其重要度,采用事故树分析方法,以火三角模型为基础,分析了锂离子电池发生火灾事故的全过程。先基于建立的事故树模型,再通过求解最小割集得到导致锂离子电池火灾的36种途径和导致事故发生的15个基本事件及其结构重要度。结果表明,在基本事件中,“电池壳体发生破裂”的结构重要度系数最大（0.565）,其次为“正极材料分解反应产生氧气和放热”（0.188）、“电解液汽化”（0.175）和“电解液分解反应放热”（0.175）。最后基于这些基本事件,通过提高电池壳体强度、正极材料分解温度、电解液汽化温度及蒸发潜热、电解液分解温度等技术手段降低锂离子电池火灾发生的概率;并发现通过采取优良的生产工艺与正确的使用方式亦能降低锂离子电池火灾事故的发生概率。To improve the battery safety performance and reduce the loss of the battery fire accidents, particularly in the automobile and space-aircraft applications, the present paper intends to make an investigation of the causative factors and their effects on the battery fire accidents. As is known, lithium ion battery is a popular portable energy storage unit for,the electronic devices for its high energy storage density and efficiency. With the increasing need of energy capacity and charge-discharge rate, it would be possible to cause catastrophic failure, or at least to lead to a great-amount of heat leakage and thermal instability at high temperatures. To deal with the aforementioned problems, we would like to propose a fault tree analysis （FTA） method and divide the top event into three intermediate events, that is, the combustible, the ignition source and the oxidizing agent based on the fire trian gle model. In accordance with the research results done on the mechanism of the battery thermal runaway escape, we have gained 15 elementary steps from the three intermediate events, including ＂The break of the battery shell＂ , ＂The relatively low vaporization temperature or the latent heat of the electrolyte evaporation＂, ＂ The decomposition of the electrolyte with the vast heat generation＂ and so on. On the other hand, according to the logic relationship among the elementary events, the top event and the immediate events, it would be possible to obtain the relation expression of the top event through the Boolean algebra simplifying method. The expression indicates that there ought to be existing 36 ways to induce the top events from the elementary events. And, then, it would be possible to work out the constructive importance of all the elementary events and compare them in the following decending order, such as： Ix1 = 0. 565 〉 Ix8 = Ix9 = 0.188 〉 Ix2 =Ix3 = 0.175 〉 Ix4= Ix5= Ix6= Ix7= 0.0115 〉 Ix10 = Ix11 = Ix12 = Ix13 = Ix14 = Ix15 = 0. 009. In addition, for the higher structu

关 键 词：安全工程 事故树分析 锂离子电池 火三角模型 结构重要度 

分 类 号：X931[环境科学与工程—安全科学]