北京农村地区燃煤污染物的排放测试  

Emission factors test and pollutant discharge of raw coal fuel burning in Beijing countryside

作　　者：陈国伟[1] 单明[2] 李佳蓉 蒋建云[1] 叶建东[1] 杨旭东[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京市可持续发展促进会,北京100084 [2]清华大学建筑学院,北京100084

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2018年第2期597-603,共7页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：北京市科委科技计划项目(Z131100004213005)

摘　　要：针对农村地区燃煤炉灶设计了污染物排放因子测定系统,通过碳平衡法测定了不同炉灶不同燃料的污染物排放因子,从北京市延庆、怀柔、平谷和房山4个地区农户家中选取12种煤样,选取了北京地区应用广泛的10种土暖气炉和3种蜂窝煤炉分别测定了污染物排放因子数据。测定结果表明:土暖气炉燃烧劣质散煤的PM_(2.5)和SO_2的排放因子最高,分别为3.73 g·kg^(-1)(干燃料)和1.78 g·kg^(-1)(干燃料),燃烧优质散煤和煤球时的PM_(2.5)排放因子依次减小,分别为3.33 g·kg^(-1)(干燃料)和2.20 g·kg^(-1)(干燃料)。优质散煤的SO_2排放因子最低(0.16 g·kg^(-1)(干燃料)),NO_x的排放因子最高(2.99 g·kg^(-1)(干燃料))。当考虑单位有效热量输出时,相对于劣质散煤,燃烧优质散煤和煤球PM_(2.5)、SO_2的排放因子有所下降,PM_(2.5)分别减少了12.9%和8.4%,SO_2分别减少了91.2%和73.8%,但优质散煤NO_x排放因子增加了42.3%。结合调研数据,核算了北京农村地区燃煤污染物排放数据,结果表明,北京农村地区燃煤PM_(2.5)排放总量为1.84万t,占本地污染排放的贡献率为11.2%~16.3%。Emission factors testing system of pollutant discharge was designed for coal stoves in rural area.Calculation method was established with carbon balance theory.We chose 12 raw coal samples from Yanqing,Fangshan,Pinggu and Huairou districts in Beijing,China.We also chose 10 coal stoves and 3 honeycomb briquette stoves to test the pollutant emission,calculated the emission factors.The result shows the bad raw coal has the highest emission factor of PM（2.5）（3.73 g·kg^-1） and SO2（1.78 g·kg^-1）.The PM（2.5） emission factor of good raw coal and ball coal is 3.33 g·kg^-1 and 2.20 g·kg^-1.But the good raw coal has the lowest SO2 emission factor（0.16 g·kg^-1） and the highest NOx emission factor（2.99 g·kg^-1）.When the heat efficiency is considered,the PM（2.5） emission factor of good raw coal and ball coal declines with 12.9% and 8.4% compared with the bad raw coal.The SO2 emission factor declines with 91.2% and 73.8%.While the NOx emission factor of the good raw coal increases with 42.3%.And then,using our survey data,we get the pollutant discharge amount of coal fuel used in Beijing countryside,the result is 18.4 thousand ton and it contributes 11.2% to 16.3% of local pollutant discharge.

关 键 词：散煤燃烧 污染排放 排放因子 

分 类 号：X701[环境科学与工程—环境工程]