霸权型政党体制的起源模式及其政治后果  

Hegemonic-party Regimes: Historical Origins and Consequences

作　　者：曾庆捷[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2018年第1期168-180,共13页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

摘　　要：霸权型政党体制是多党选举体制和一党执政的结合,已成为当代最常见的威权体制之一。已有文献对威权国家中执政党和选举的功能有颇多论述,但对于霸权型政党体制的起源却很少谈及。本文通过对当代21个相关案例的梳理,对该体制的起源模式进行了一个分类学的研究。根据之前存在的政体类型以及导致第一次多党选举召开的政治形势,霸权型政党体制的起源可被分为封闭式一党制的自由化改革、民族独立运动引入的多党选举、军人政府推行的政治改革和内战终结后的政治安排四大类。通过结构化的案例比较,本文进一步指出,从封闭式一党制演变而来的霸权型政党体制具有更强的稳定性。在封闭式一党制时期执政党对基层组织的建设和国家资源的控制,会在引入多党竞争之后持续巩固霸权型政党体制的存续。未来的研究必须充分考察该体制的历史起源模式如何影响着之后的政治发展轨迹。Hegemonic-party regimes that combine prolonged one-party dominance with regularized multi-party elections have become one of the most common forms of authoritarianism in the contemporary era. Despite numerous studies regarding the role of hegemonic parties in sustaining authoritarian regimes,there is a profound lack of understanding of the conditions under which such regimes emerged. This paper proposes a typology of the historical origins of hegemonic-party regimes by generalizing from the experiences of all 21 relevant cases in the contemporary period. It shows that these regimes arose from more complicated historical trends and structural forces than existing studies have suggested. Through structured case comparison,it further argues that hegemonic-party regimes that transitioned from closed single-party system tend to be more resilient than those with other modes of origins. We show that the ruling parties＇ investment in building grassroots organizations and appropriating state resources under single-party rule continues to bolster authoritarian survival in the multiparty era. Future studies should therefore take note of the historical roots of hegemonic-party regimes when explaining important political outcomes.

关 键 词：霸权型政党体制 威权稳定性 起源模式 历史遗产 

分 类 号：D05[政治法律—政治学]