溪洛渡-向家坝-三峡梯级水库水温分布特性  

Research on water temperature distribution in Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba-Three Gorges cascade reservoirs

作　　者：任实[1] 刘亮[1] 张地继[1] 杨霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国长江三峡集团公司,湖北宜昌443133

出　　处：《人民长江》2018年第3期32-35,40,共5页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402309)

摘　　要：梯级水库蓄水运行后,改变了河流的天然水流情势和水体的年内热量分配,水库内的水温分布特性随之变化。为了解溪洛渡-向家坝-三峡梯级水库蓄水运行后河道水温分布特征,对梯级水库沿程19个断面水温进行了观测,并根据观测资料系统地分析了梯级水库进出库水温和沿程水温分布,以及垂向温度分布变化情况。研究结果表明:溪洛渡、向家坝、三峡梯级水库的下泄水温在降温季节略有增加,在升温季节略有下降,形成了"高温不高,低温不低"的平坦化现象;溪洛渡和向家坝水库坝前区域在垂向上均出现明显的温度分层,而三峡水库近坝区的温度分层现象在梯级水库运行后明显减弱,近几年表层和底层水温相差最大值仅为2.5℃。研究结果可为梯级水库联合调度、水生态研究、水库水温数学模型验证等提供参考。After the impoundment of cascade reservoirs,the natural flow regime and annual water temperature distribution will change,resulting in the change of water temperature distribution in reservoirs. To understand the river water temperature distribution characteristics after the impoundment of Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba-Three Gorges cascade reservoirs,temperature in nineteen cross sections along the Yangtze River were measured. According to the observation data,the water temperature at inlet and outlet of reservoirs,vertical thermal stratification were studied. The results show that the temperature of discharged water in this the reservoirs all increase in the cool season and drop slightly in hot season,resulting in the flattening phenomenon of ＂ high temperature is not high,low temperature is not low ＂. The water temperature stratification occurs in dam upstream area of Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba reservoirs,but the water temperature stratification near the dam area of Three Gorges Reservoir is obviously weakened after the reservoir operation,the maximum water temperature difference at the surface and the bottom is only 2. 5℃. The research results can provide reference for combined dispatching of cascade reservoirs,water ecology research and verification of reservoir water temperature mathematical model.

关 键 词：水温分布 温度分层 联合调度 梯级水库 长江流域 

分 类 号：TV697.11[水利工程—水利水电工程]