Determination of 4-nonylphenol and 4-tert-octylphenol compounds in various types of wastewater and their removal rates in different treatment processes in nine wastewater treatment plants of Iran  

作　　者：Bijan Bina Farzaneh Mohammadi Mohammad Mehdi Amin Hamid Reza Pourzamani Zeynab Yavari 

机构地区：[1]Environment Research Center,School of Health,Isfahan University of Medical Sciences [2]Student Research Center,School of Health,Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

出　　处：《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》2018年第1期183-190,共8页中国化学工程学报（英文版）

基　　金：Vice Chancellery of Research of IUMS for the financial support,Research Project,#394773

摘　　要：Alkylphenols(APs), considered as xenoestrogenic compounds, mainly exist as 4-nonylphenol(4-NP) and 4-tertoctylphenol(4-t-OP) in environments. The high stability and accumulation of APs in aquatic systems have caused endocrine disruption. In this study we measured APs in the wastewater influent and effluent samples, from the urban, rural, livestock, commercial and hospital wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) in Iran. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction(DLLME) combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS) was used for the extraction and determination of 4-NP and 4-t-OP. In these treatment plants, various processes such as activated sludge, aerated lagoon, moving bed biofilm reactor and activated sludge along with wetland were applied. The highest concentration of 4-NP and 4-t-OP was observed in commercial and livestock sewages. The activated sludge along with wetland and then the MBBR process showed the highest removal rates of pollutants. The rates of biodegradability and accumulation in sludge were determined and also the specific adsorption coefficient Kdand the organic carbon–water partition coefficient kOCof the sludge for APs were calculated.Alkylphenols （APs）, considered as xenoestrogenic compounds, mainly exist as 4-nonylphenol （4-NP） and 4-tertoctylphenol （4-t-OP） in environments. The high stability and accumulation of APs in aquatic systems have caused endocrine disruption. In this study we measured APs in the wastewater influent and effluent samples, from the urban, rural, livestock, commercial and hospital wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） in Iran, Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction （DLLME） combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） was used for the extraction and determination of 4-NP and 4-t-OP. In these treatment plants, various processes such as activated sludge, aerated lagoon, moving bed biofilm reactor and activated sludge along with wet- land were applied. The highest concentration of 4-NP and 4-t-OP was observed in commercial and livestock sewages. The activated sludge along with wetland and then the MBBR process showed the highest removal rates of pollutants. The rates of biodegradability and accumulation in sludge were determined and also the specific adsorption coefficient Kd and the organic carbon-water partition coefficient koc of the sludge for APs were calculated.

关 键 词：Alkylphenols DLLME Full scale WWTP Biodegradation Adsorption 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TQ028[化学工程]