模拟酸雨对小麦条锈病流行学组分的影响  

Effect of simulated acid rain on disease progress of wheat yellow rust

作　　者：王树和[1,2] 孙佩璐[1] 周文楠 刘婷 马占鸿[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学植物病理学系农业部作物有害生物监测与绿色防控重点开放实验室,北京100193 [2]河南科技大学林学院,洛阳471023

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2018年第1期173-180,共8页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300702;2017YFD0201703)

摘　　要：为明确酸雨对小麦条锈病菌孢子萌发及病害流行学组分的影响,采用不同酸度的模拟酸雨(p H值分别为2.5、3.5、4.5和5.6)处理小麦条锈病菌Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici生理小种CYR32和CYR33的夏孢子,并将不同酸度模拟酸雨处理后的夏孢子接种小麦感病品种铭贤169,采用组分分析法研究酸雨对病害发展过程的影响。结果表明,随着模拟酸雨酸度的增强,生理小种CYR32和CYR33的夏孢子萌发率均显著降低,萌发24 h后对照组生理小种CYR32和CYR33的夏孢子萌发率分别为93.7%和79.8%,在p H 3.5模拟酸雨处理后萌发率仅为13.1%和8.6%。温室内接种试验结果显示,不同酸度模拟酸雨对生理小种CYR32和CYR33的侵染概率、潜育期和病情指数均有显著影响,对生理小种CYR32和CYR33病斑扩展率影响不显著;与对照相比,p H 3.5模拟酸雨处理后生理小种CYR32和CYR33的侵染概率分别下降79.9%和79.8%。结果表明强酸雨(p H 3.5)显著延长小麦条锈菌潜育期,减少病斑产孢量,降低病情指数和病害进展曲线下面积。In order to determine the effect of acid rain on spores germination and disease progress of wheat yellow rust, germination of urediniospores of two races, CYR32 and CYR33, of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici was evaluated after 6, 12, 18, and 24 h incubation in different simulated acid rain treatments（p H 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.6） in vitro, and on epidemiological components of wheat stripe rust caused by P. striiformis f. sp. tritici were investigated with the spraying method in the greenhouse. Results showed that urediospores germination of two races decreased significantly with increasing acidity of simulated rain. The spore germination rates of CYR32 and CYR33 were 93.7% and 79.8% after 24 h incubation at control treatment（p H 5.6）, and that of CYR32 and CYR33 were only 13.1% and 8.6% at p H 3.5. In the greenhouse, the lesion expansion rates of CYR32 of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici（or CYR33） were not significant difference under the same days after inoculation. There were significant effects of acidity of simulated rain on infection efficiency, latent period, sporulation, disease index and the area under disease progress curve（AUDPC） of two races. The infection efficiency of CYR32 and CYR33 at p H 3.5 compared with the control treatment decreased 79.9% and 79.8%, respectively. This result suggested that heavy acid rain（p H 3.5） could significantly prolong the incubation period, reducesporulation, decrease disease index and AUDPC.

关 键 词：模拟酸雨 小麦条锈菌 病害过程 

分 类 号：S435.121.42[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]