高水位盐碱地暗管控制性排水的降盐抑碱作用研究  

Effects of subsurface controlled drainage on reducing salinity and preventing basification in saline-alkali areas with underground high water level

作　　者：徐友信[1] 于淑会 石磊[4] 

机构地区：[1]潍坊科技学院,寿光262700 [2]河北地质大学河北省高校生态地质环境监测预警与地质灾害防治技术研发中心,石家庄050031 [3]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心中科院农业水资源重点实验室河北省节水农业重点实验室,石家庄050021 [4]山东省寿光市农业局,262700

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2018年第3期164-169,共6页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41701240);中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室;河北省节水农业重点实验室开放基金(KFKT201603);河北地质大学博士科研启动基金(BQ201618)资助

摘　　要：高水位的顶托作用不仅易导致涝害发生,还不利于降水淋盐。为解决这一问题,在河北近滨海盐碱区埋设暗管进行控制性排水,通过分析雨季与旱季的地下水埋深、土壤含盐量及SAR变化得到暗管控制性排水对地下水埋深的调控能力及对土壤的降盐抑碱效果。结果表明:1)暗管控制性排水可调控最大地下水埋深为90cm,并可在1天时间内将地下水埋深降至30cm的涝害临界水平,暗管可控制周年地下水埋深深于对照区5~20cm;2)周年土壤含盐量呈"马鞍"型分布。雨季土壤含盐量随时间逐渐降低,降水淋洗盐分作用占主导,暗管区与对照区无显著差异;旱季土壤含盐量随时间逐渐增加,暗管区土壤含盐量低于对照区0.2~0.5g/kg;3)暗管排水通过增加地下水埋深、降低地下水含盐量来降低表层土壤含盐量,经分析,旱季土壤含盐量与地下水埋深、地下水含盐量均呈显著正相关,相关系数高于0.7;4)暗管排水可增强盐分离子的淋洗作用,暗管区盐分离子的脱盐率高于对照区4.8~26.5%,脱盐率依次为Cl^->Na^++K^+>SO_4^(2-)>Mg^(2+)>Ca^(2+);受碳酸钙溶度积的影响,雨季后HCO_3^-含量增加,暗管区HCO_3^-增加率约为对照区的1/2;5)暗管排水可有效抑制土壤碱化趋势。雨季后土壤SAR增加,暗管区增幅低于对照区0~13.2%,且SAR随土壤深度的增加而增加,同一深度处暗管区SAR低于对照区。High water level of the jacking role is not only easy to cause water logging,but also not conducive to drench salt precipitation. To solve this problem,we buried underground pipe controlling drainage in near coastal saline area in Hebei,by analyzing the groundwater depth,soil salinity and SAR change in rainy season and dry season; and then the groundwater depth control ability of underground controlled drainage and its effect on salt and alkali suppression of soil were obtained. The results showed that：（ 1） The maximum groundwater depth that the controlled pipe drainage can control is 90 cm,and the embedded depth of groundwater can be reduced to 30 cm of water logging critical level in 1 day. Underground pipe can reduce anniversary groundwater level by 5 to20 cm than control in the control area.（ 2） The annual soil salinity distribution is ＂ saddle＂ type. Soil salinity gradually decreases over time in the rainy season,salt leaching effect of precipitation is predominant,underground pipe area is no significant difference with the control area. Soil salinity increases gradually over time in dry season,soil salt content in underground pipe area is lower than the control area by 0. 2 to 0. 5 g/kg.（ 3） In dry season soil salt content is significantly positive correlated with groundwater depth and groundwater salinity;the correlation coefficient is higher than 0. 7.（ 4） Underground pipe drainage can enhance the leaching of the salt ions,salt ion desalting rate is higher than the control area by 4. 8 to 26. 5 %; desalination rate is Cl^- 〉Na~＋＋ K~＋ 〉SO_4^（2-）〉 Mg^（2＋） 〉Ca^（2＋）. Influenced by the calcium carbonate solubility product,HCO-3 content increases after the rainy season,HCO-3 increases in pipe area is about 1/2 of the control rate.

关 键 词：高水位 暗管排水 控制性排水 土壤盐分 碱化 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]