从实验装置改造能手到诺贝尔物理学奖得主——中村修二在日亚公司研制蓝色LED案例研究  

From the Reformer of Experiment Equipment to the Winner of Nobel Prize in Physics:A Case Study on Shuji Nakamura's Blue LED Development in Nichia Corporation

作　　者：周程[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学科学与社会研究中心,北京100871

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2018年第2期129-139,共11页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：军委科技委世界国防科技地平线扫描项目(17-ZLXD-XX-03-10-04-01)

摘　　要：剖析具有典型性的重大科技突破案例是制定行之有效的科技政策的基础,而诺贝尔奖级科技突破毫无疑问具有典型性,因此有必要对这些重大科技突破的演进过程展开深入的考察。这篇论文按照通往日亚化学工业公司之路、蓝色发光二极管选题的确立经纬、决定用金属化合物气相外延生长法制备氮化镓薄膜、高质量氮化镓单晶体薄膜的研制、氮化镓P型结晶制造技术的开发、双异质结蓝色发光二极管正式投产的进路,考察了2014年度的诺贝尔物理学奖得主中村修二发明高效率蓝色发光二极管的具体过程,分析了导致中村取得诺贝尔奖级重大科技突破的主要原因。论文最后指出:在科学日益技术化、技术日益科学化的今日,自行改造或设计制作实验装置,确保其先进性和唯一性,在一些情况下已成为开拓研究领域、催生源头创新、推动前沿突破的前提条件之一,因此学校应把动手能力和工匠精神的培养放到更加突出的位置。Analyzing typical and significant science-technology breakthroughs is the foundation of formulating effective science-technology policies. There is no doubt that Nobel-Prize-level breakthroughs are quite typical. Thus, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research into Nobel Prize winners＇ specific processes of major science-technology breakthroughs. This paper investigates the invention process of blue LED, which won Shuji Nakamura the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics, and analyzes the key factors to this major breakthrough. The major events in this process includes the Way to Nichia Corporation, the Establishment of Blue LED Project, the Choice of MOVPE, the Development of High-Quality Ga N P-type Semiconductor, and the Industrialization of Double-Heterojunction Blue LED. The paper ends with the conclusion that, as science becomes increasingly technical and vice versa, improving or redesigning experiment devices independently and keeping them unique and in advantage have become one of the prerequisites to acquire significant science-technology breakthroughs in many cases of experimental researches. It is therefore suggested that artisan spirit and ability may receive more attention in the educational system so as to nourish scientific and technological innovations.

关 键 词：中村修二 蓝色发光二极管 诺贝尔物理学奖 实验装置 工匠精神 

分 类 号：G305[文化科学] N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]