基于污染压力-退化表征的珠江河口湿地土壤退化评价  

Assessment of wetland soil degradation in the Pearl River Estuary based on pollution pressure and degradation characteristics

作　　者：肖蓉[1] 韩玲 白军红[1] 庄涛 刘善军 张光亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,水环境模拟国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]济南市环境研究院,山东济南250102

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第1期125-130,共6页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51379012)

摘　　要：湿地土壤质量的综合评价对湿地土壤生态系统的优化管理与恢复措施的实施具有重要意义.本文基于珠江河口湿地污染现状和PSR(压力-状态-响应)体系,从社会和污染因素选取9个压力指标,从生物和非生物方面选取11个状态指标,从教育、管理和科研方面选取了3个响应指标,构建了珠江河口湿地土壤退化指标评价体系.运用数据归一化方法计算每个采样点的退化指数(ID)和综合健康指数(ICH),然后,运用YAAHP V3层次分析软件对研究区3个典型样点进行退化分析,结果表明:珠江三角洲湿地的大部分地区的ICH为6.73~37.52,显示土壤普遍呈现亚健康状况;番禺区以污染为主的退化驱动比南沙区以围垦为主的退化驱动强度更大,3个典型湿地样点土壤的退化程度由大到小依次为11涌洪奇沥湿地(0.481 8)、番禺外贸码头湿地(0.342 6)、15涌沟渠湿地(0.175 6).层次分析法评价结果表明,珠江河口湿地土壤质量状况不容乐观,珠江河口湿地保护和管理工作的重点,应当以治理土壤污染和减小滩涂围垦幅度进行开展.Comprehensive evaluation of wetland soil quality is of great significance for optimized management of wetland soil ecosystems and for implementation of restoration measures.A degradation evaluation index for wetland soils of the Pearl River Estuary was constructed.Taking into account of the present status of wetlands in the Pearl River Estuary and of the pressure-state-response（PSR）model,the index involved nine pressure indicators for social and pollution factors,eleven state indicators for biological and biotic aspects and three response indicators for education,management and research Degradation index（DI）and comprehensive health index（CHI）at each sampling site were calculated by data normalization.Degradation of three typical sites in the study area was analyzed using YAAHP V3 software.Comprehensive health index（CHI）of most wetlands in the Pearl River Estuary was found to range from 6.73 to 37.52,indicating that the soil was generally of sub-healthy status.More serious soil degradations were observed,driven by the main pollution degradation in Panyu District,compared with Nansha District driven by reclamation.Wetland soil degradation degrees of three typical sites followed the order：11st hongqili wetland（0.481 8）Panyu foreign trade port wetland（0.342 6）Fifth ditch wetland（0.175 6）.It is concluded that soil quality in the Pearl River Estuary wetland is not optimistic.Estuarine wetland conservation and management work should focus on soil pollution control and on a reduction in reclamation rate.

关 键 词：河口湿地 土壤退化 PSR模型 层次分析法 评价 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]