辽河口盐沼湿地拦门沙植物群落演替特征及其驱动力分析  

Characteristics and driving forces of vegetation succession in the salt marshes at the mouth bar of Liaohe Estuary

作　　者：解成杰 刘泽正 谢湉[1] 蔡燕子[1] 李晋 崔保山[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,水环境模拟国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]辽宁省盘锦市海洋与渔业研究所,辽宁盘锦124010

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第1期137-143,共7页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(51639001); 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)资助项目(2013CB430406); 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项资助项目(2009ZX07209-008-03,2009ZX07209-008-04)

摘　　要：盐沼湿地是处于海陆交界并具有重要生态服务功能且脆弱、敏感的生态系统.近年来,由于气候变化和人类活动,辽河口盐沼湿地植物群落演替进程加快.本文基于1998—2017年的Landsat遥感影像数据,通过ENVI软件图像预处理和ArcGIS分析工具,获取了辽河口拦门沙上20年间植物群落的时空分布特征.结果表明:时间序列上,盐地碱蓬群落斑块面积表现为先增大、后减小、最后趋于稳定,而芦苇群落斑块面积逐渐增大、最后趋于稳定;空间格局上,盐地碱蓬群落随时间变化逐渐南移,而芦苇群落随时间变化逐渐向南扩张;研究区内植物群落的演替速度逐渐增加,水文条件和地表高程的改变可能是其演替加快的主要驱动力.Saltmarsh is a vulnerable and sensitive ecological system which nonetheless provides a valuable ecosystem service for human society.The process of vegetation succession has been increasing recently due to climate changes and human activities.The present work examined spatial and temporal changes in vegetation distribution at the mouth bar in remote sensing images over the past twenty years.Different spatial and temporal dynamics of vegetation community were found.Suaeda salsamarshes was found to have moved from north to south over time and Phragmites australis marshes boundary kept expanding to the south.The succession rate from Suaeda to Phragmites marshes was very fast.Changes in hydrological conditions and terrain elevation was the main driving force for vegetation succession.

关 键 词：盐地碱蓬 芦苇 时空分布 水文条件 沉积作用 

分 类 号：P951[天文地球—自然地理学]