改革与发展中的乡村社区公共服务筹资制度：国有农场案例研究  

Financing System of the Public Service for Rural Communities during the Reform and Development:a Study of State-owned Farms

作　　者：朱玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院学部、经济研究所,北京100836

出　　处：《学术研究》2018年第2期73-88,177,共16页Academic Research

基　　金：中国社会科学院经济研究所创新工程项目“公有企业收益共享机制的国际比较”的阶段性成果.在实地调查中,财政部办公厅、农业部农垦局、调研省份的农业厅和农垦局、受访农场/农村的管理机构和农工/农民曾给予课题组大力支持.

摘　　要：2003年税费改革之后,农村社区基础设施建设和公共服务供给主要依靠政府投资和拨款。本文的统计分析表明,村级基本公共服务供给水平,不再取决于村庄财力,但国有农场社区却不然。它现有的企业身份使其难以对接国家行政管理体系,以至在政府行政系统分配公共资源的流程中处于边缘地位。在财力较弱的农场组,农工家庭的自来水普及率还不足53%,低于所有对照组。扭转这一现象的首要措施在于,参照人民公社"政社分离"的模式,推进国有农场的行政改革;其次,根据联合国2030年可持续发展议程,设定基本公共服务标准,由国家为乡村社区提供底线财政保障。After the tax reform in 2003, infrastructure and public services in rural communities have been mainly maintained and improved by the investment and funds coming from the government at various levels. The statistical analysis of this paper shows that the basic public service provision at village level has no longer depended on the financial capacity of villages. However, this is not the case with regard to the state-owned farms, which are at the margin of public resource allocation within the administrative system because they are defined as enterprises. For state-owned farms with weak financial resources, only 53% of their families have accessed to pipeline water supply, lower than all other groups in our survey. To improve their living condition, it suggests that, first to carry out an administrative reform of the state-owned farms, e.g. to separate business function from the function of public service, as the former People's Communes did, secondly to establish a criterion for evaluating public services provision based on UN's 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, and the government should provide minimum financial guarantee for rural communities.

关 键 词：乡村社区 基本公共服务 筹资制度 

分 类 号：F061-3[经济管理—政治经济学]