ICU患者压疮危险因素的Meta分析  

Meta-analysis of risk factors of pressure ulcers in patients admitted to intensive care unit

作　　者：刘艳[1] 王丽娟 昂慧 李珍珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学人民医院神经内科监护室,湖北武汉430060

出　　处：《护理学杂志》2018年第4期84-87,共4页Journal of Nursing Science

摘　　要：目的系统分析重症监护室(ICU)患者压疮发生的危险因素。方法计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、万方数据库、维普中文生物医学期刊、Pub Med,Web of Science,Springer,Cochrane Library数据库,并对文献进行筛选,运用Stata/SE 12.0软件对符合纳入标准的文献进行Meta分析。结果 12篇文献符合纳入标准,发生压疮患者1 217例,未发生压疮患者5 538例,共纳入压疮危险因素17个,其中高龄、吸烟、发热、平均动脉压低、水肿、糖尿病史、入住ICU时间延长、镇静、糖皮质激素、血管活性药物、血管加压素、机械通气、机械通气时间延长、白蛋白和血红蛋白水平低15个是ICU住院患者压疮发生的危险因素。对各危险因素发表偏倚进行分析,结果显示发表偏倚不明显。结论 ICU患者发生压疮的危险因素较多,需采取针对性措施预防ICU患者压疮的发生。Objective To systematic analyze the risk factors of pressure ulcers in patients admitted to intensive care unit（ ICU）. Methods The databases of CNKI,CBM,Wanfang database,VIP,Pub Med,Web of Science,Springer and Cochrane Library were searched by researchers. Stata/SE 12. 0 software was applied to run meta-analysis of publications that met the inclusion criteria. Results A total of 12 articles were included,totaling 1 217 patients with pressure ulcers,and 5 538 cases without pressure ulcers; 17 risk factors for pressure ulcer were included,among which,15（ old age,smoking,fever,low level of mean arterial blood pressure（ MAP）,edema,history of diabetes,prolonged ICU stay,sedation,glucocorticoid,vasoactive drugs,vasopressin,mechanical ventilation,prolonged mechanical ventilation,low albumin and low hemoglobin） were specific for ICU patients. Each risk factor was tested for publication bias,which turned out to be subtle. Conclusion Many factors conspire to cause pressure ulcers in ICU patients. Measures targeting the above-mentioned risk factors should be taken to prevent pressure ulcer in ICU patients.

关 键 词：重症监护室 压疮 危险因素 年龄 吸烟 发热 平均动脉压 META分析 

分 类 号：R471[医药卫生—护理学]