开放条件下中国制造业技术进步偏向与就业增长研究  

A Study on the Trend of Technological Progress and Employment Growth in China's Manufacturing Industry Under Openness

作　　者：钟世川 

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学广州国际商贸中心重点研究基地,广东广州510420 [2]中山大学粤港澳发展研究院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《经济经纬》2018年第2期71-77,共7页Economic Survey

基　　金：中国博士后基金项目(2016M602560);国家社会科学基金重点项目(13ATJ001)

摘　　要：在CES生产函数下讨论了技术进步与就业增长之间的关系,在要素市场完全竞争时,就业增长由经济发展水平和技术进步共同决定。在此基础上,利用1987—2014年中国制造业数据进行实证检验。实证分析显示,中国制造业的要素替代弹性值介于0.4~0.6之间,即资本与劳动之间呈互补关系;经济发展水平显著地促进就业;资本投入通过促进技术进步偏向资本,从而抑制就业;引入FDI和国际贸易后,资本投入抑制制造业就业增长更为明显,而FDI和国际贸易通过影响技术进步促进就业。进一步实证分析表明,资本投入抑制了劳动密集型行业的就业,但却促进了资本密集型行业和技术密集型行业的就业。因此,为促进制造业就业增长,应加强自主创新,积极发展与本国资源相匹配的劳动偏向型技术进步,适度降低资本替代劳动的速度,吸纳大量劳动力就业。Adopting the CES production function, this paper discusses the relationship between technological progress and employment growth. When factor market is perfectly competitive, employment growth is decided by both economic development and technological progress. On this basis, this paper uses the data of China＇ s manufacturing from 1987 to 2014 for an empirical testing. The results show that the substitution elasticity of Chinese manufacturing is between 0.4 and 0.6, which means capital and labor are complementary. Economic development significantly contributes to employment. Capital investment discourages employment because of an emphasis on capital through promoting technological progress. After the introduction of FDI and international trade, the curbing effect of capital investment on employment growth in manufacturing is stronger while FDI and international trade can effectively promote employment through technological progress. Further empirical analysis shows that capital investment inhibits employment in labor-intensive industries, but promotes employment in capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries. Therefore, to promote employment, it is necessary to strengthen independent innovation, to actively develop labor-oriented technology that matches national resources, to reduce the rate of capital substitution of labor and to substantially take in labor.

关 键 词：CES生产函数 技术进步偏向 就业 要素替代弹性 

分 类 号：F26[经济管理—国民经济]