论政府干预与足球自治的关系  

Relation Between Government Intervention and Football Autonomy

作　　者：黄世昌[1] 

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学体育部,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《体育成人教育学刊》2018年第1期15-21,31,共8页Journal of Sports Adult Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(17BTY056)

摘　　要：政府干预足球自治的事件近年来屡有发生,导致涉事国家足协受到国际足联的严厉处罚。其中以尼日利亚政府干预本国足协事务、引发政府干预与足球自治的矛盾最为突出。从实而论,国际足联作为非政府间国际组织,具有社团法人的性质,与其会员协会间有着契约关系;国际足联章程对其会员足协具有合同约束力,但此种拟制合意可能不利于足球行业内部纠纷中的弱势方;政府尊重契约自由,但如果足协成员违反了公共利益或第三方利益,司法应当有限介入;为寻求政府干预与足球自治之间的平衡点,应建立一个"理性的体育秩序",即对于政府与足协间的关系而言,足协在没有违反正当程序和公共政策的情况下,可对组织内部实行自治,政府则在尊重足协内部自治的前提下实行监督;对足球行业内部而言,应实行"良规善治",以使国际足联的规章制度真正成为各级会员愿意接受的公平的合作条款;对于球员而言,可自发组建维权社团组织,以维护自身正当权益。The cases of government interfering football autonomy have occurred frequently at present which has caused the severe punishment of FIFA,among which the Nigerian government case is the most serious.As the non-government organization,FIFA has the corporation aggregate feature.It has contractual relation with its members.FIFA charter has contractual restriction on its members,which may not benefit the weak party..government respects the contract freedom,but if the member violates the public interest or the interest of the third party,the judicial organization should interfere.In order to find out the balance point between the government intervention and the football autonomy,the rational sports order should be established,i.e.,FIFA can conduct autonomy when it doesn＇t violate process or public policy while the government monitors them with respect to their autonomy.The FIFA members should all accept the restrictions of the FIFA regulations.The football athletes should make organizations to protect their own right.

关 键 词：体育法学 政府干预 足协自治 契约关系 体育秩序 国际足联 政府监管 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]