21世纪以来中国高新技术企业的时空分布和影响机制  

The Spatiotemporal Evolution and the Influence Mechanism of High-Tech Enterprise Locations in China during the Twenty-First Century

作　　者：肖凡[1] 任建造 伍敏冬 刘天辉 符文颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学地理科学学院

出　　处：《经济地理》2018年第2期27-35,共9页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41301109);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201610574001);国际区域研究协会早期职业发展研究基金(2014年度)

摘　　要：随着信息时代的来临，高新技术企业在区域竞争中的地位越来越重要，其区位研究是当今地区发展的重要议题，而数据的缺乏导致了目前全国性的高新技术企业空间布局的研究尚不多见。基于县域等尺度，运用核密度估计、区域重心、相对区位基尼系数等方法对中国高新技术企业的时空分布进行研究，同时建立0LS模型、空间滞后模型及空间误差模型以探讨区域创新能力对高新技术企业区位的影响机制。研究发现：①21世纪以来中国高新技术企业保持较稳定的多核心空间结构。②中国高新技术企业的区域重心小幅度地自东南向西北移动。③高新技术企业先是在县级和市级尺度呈现出均衡化趋势，省级尺度则相反；直到2011年，三个尺度下区域集聚程度均在不断扩大。④区域创新能力通过影响高新技术产品的形成流程影响高新技术企业的区位，其中创新环境水平、知识创造水平是关键性的影响因素，且存在负向空间溢出效应。With the coming of the Information Age, high-tech enterprises have increasingly played a significant role in regional competition. Research indicates that the location of high-tech enterprises is an important issue in the development of regional economies. China has recently experienced dramatic economic restructuring. The government takes the location of high-tech enterprises seriously because enterprise location is linked to innovation and regional economic growth. However, study of the national spatiotemporal evolution of high-tech enterprise locations in China has been relatively lacking due to insufficient data. Fortunately, a new data company, ＂Tianyancha＂, provides a useful way to obtain public information about companies. At a county scale, this paper describes the spatiotemporal evolution of high- tech enterprise locations using multiple methods such as kernel density estimation, regional gravity calculation, and the regional Gini coefficient. In addition, the relationship between regional innovation and high-tech enterprises is studied by establishing OLS, spatial lag, and spatial error models. The results suggest that （1） high-tech enterprises in China have maintained a stable multicore structure since the beginning of the 21st century, with high-tech enterprises mostly clustered in the center of regional areas including the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and Yangtze River shelter-forest region; （2） the regional gravity of high-tech enterprises in China is moving from southeast to northwest in a small range of less than 8.23 km; （3） high-tech enterprises at county and municipal levels showed a tendency toward equilibrium before 2011, with opposite tendency at the provincial level （besides 2004 and 2007）, with the agglomeration of high-tech enterprises rising in three levels; and （4） SLM is more representative than the OLS and spatial error models in our example, whereas the spatial factor has always been neglected in past research. Regional

关 键 词：高新技术企业 区位 时空演变 区域创新能力 影响机制 

分 类 号：K902[历史地理—人文地理学]