公用事业特许经营视角下的国家赔偿责任及其嬗变  

State Compensation Obligation and Its Evolution from the Perspective of Public Utility Franchise

作　　者：孟星宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《法学论坛》2018年第2期119-124,共6页Legal Forum

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"现代城市交通发展的制度平台与法律保障机制研究(11&ZD160);国家社科基金重点项目"城市交通规划法治问题研究"(12AFX006)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：公用事业特许经营模式引发了国家与社会间关系的重大转变,公用事业的履行责任从国家移转到了特许经营者。特许经营者成为公用事业服务提供的法律主体,进而应当对公共设施致人损害承担私法上的违约或侵权责任。但这并不意味着国家责任从公共服务给付领域完全退出。国家虽不直接参与公共事业,但仍有义务制定规范,并依据规范进行监督管制,以确保特许经营者提供公共服务的标准。国家责任从"履行责任"转化为"担保责任"。国家赔偿责任亦是担保责任极为重要的规范内涵,基于公民基本权保障的宪法要求,国家应当担保公民的基本权利不受公用事业特许经营带来的侵害,公民基本权遭受侵害时可以获得充分救济。相对于特许经营者承担的私法上责任,国家赔偿义务应当呈现补充责任的结构形态,并且属于完全的补充责任。Public utility franchise has changed the relationship between country and society, the execution of public utilities trans- fer from country to franchisee. The franchisee becomes legal subject of public property utilization, it should also bear liability for breach of contract or tort liability, when property damage happens. While, country should not exit from the field of public service completely, its obligation changes from execution to guarantee. Though country doesn＇ t provide public service by its own any more, it still has the responsibility of formulating rules and supervision to guarantee service standards. State compensation obliga- tion is a very important content within country＇ s guarantee liability. Country should protect citizens from harm coming from priva- tization of public utilities, and provides relief when harm occurs. Compared to the civil liability of franchisee, state compensation obligation is a complete supplementary liability.

关 键 词：公用事业特许经营 私法上责任 担保责任 补充责任 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]