CRISPR/Cas9系统在植物育种中的应用  

Application Progress of CRISPR/Cas9 in Plant Breeding

作　　者：赵波 张余 张雨良[1,4] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所,广东深圳518120 [3]上海市农业生物基因中心,上海201106 [4]中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所农业部热带作物生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室,海南海口571101

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2018年第1期197-207,共11页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(No.201403075); 中国热带农业科学院院级“南繁育种与生物安全创新团队”项目(No.1630052017016)

摘　　要：人工核酸酶系统是在特定的基因组位点,进行切割进而利用生物内源的修复系统对目标基因进行编辑,创造新基因型的基因编辑技术。CRISPR/Cas9系统是原核生物抵御噬菌体侵染的天然适应性免疫系统。经过优化的CRISPR/Cas9编辑系统凭借操作简单,突变效率高,成本低等特点优越于其他核酸酶系统,比如锌指核酸酶系统和TALE核酸酶系统。目前,优化改造后的CRISPR/Cas9编辑系统已经在植物功能基因研究和新材料创制中得到了广泛地应用。本研究简述了CRISPR/Cas9编辑系统的结构和作用机理,归纳并论述了CRISPR/Cas9系统在植物中的编辑效率与脱靶效应和在改良作物农艺性状中的应用。最后,总结了CRISPR/Cas9系统在功能基因组学研究中应用扩展,以及展望了该系统在作物育种中的发展前景及应用价值,期望为高效利用CRISPR/Cas9系统进行新材料创制、作物品种改良提供参考。Artificial nuclease syst ems are powerful tools for gene editing and allow to create new alleles by digesting the target loci that introducing the locus-specific strand breaks and being addressed by endogenous repair pathways. CRISPR/Cas9 system is a natural adaptive immune system for resisting phage infection in prokaryotes. The advanced CRISPR/Cas9 editing system is superior to other nuclease systems such as zinc finger nuclease system and TALE nuclease systemby virtue of the characteristics of simple operation, high efficiency, low cost. At present, the optimized CRISPR/Cas9 editing system has been widely used to identify the function of plant gene and create new plant materials. In this paper, we reviewed the structure and mechanism of CRISPR/Cas9 editing system, the editing efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 system in plant and its application in improving crop resistance and yield. Finally, the development and application prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 system in the innovation of herbicide-resistant-related germplasms were discussed. It is expected that the CRISPR/Cas9 system could provide a reference for the creating of new materials and the improvement of crop agronomic traits.

关 键 词：CRISPR/Cas9原理 基因编辑 编辑效率 作物改良 

分 类 号：S33[农业科学—作物遗传育种]