阿克苏长序列气候资料分析及其均一性研究  

Analysis of Long-term Climatic Data and Its Homogeneity in Aksu

作　　者：王秋香[1] 古丽格娜[1] 刘叶[2] 胡义成[1] 秦榕[1] 何亚平[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆气象信息中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]新疆气象局,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2018年第1期7-14,共8页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：中国沙漠气象科学研究基金课(Sqj2015005)"喀什站高空温;风资料的非均一性检验与订正";2012年度公益性行业(气象)科研专项"中国近60年地面关键气候要素均一性检验与订正技术及站址变动影响研究"(GYHY201206013)资助

摘　　要：选用阿克苏市气象站1954—2016年气候资料,分析63 a长序列观测资料发现,城市化对阿克苏市气温上升的贡献占到了3/4,平均气温以0.33℃/10 a的速度上升。1959年和2016年2次迁站,前一次造成了风速和相对湿度不连续,后一次造成了平均风速断点。2016年台站迁徙时新旧站年风向相符率仅有34.69%,两站风向一致性不理想。两次迁站年平均风速均显示出典型的干旱区台站迁徙特征,即新旧站差异较大,1959年迁站古鲁巴克村站年平均风速比空旷的机场小了近1/4;2016年迁站位于城市包围的旧站比位于空地的新站年平均风速小了1/3,因此,在做大型工程建设项目时需要对有城市化影响的风速资料进行校正处理方可使用。气温也显示出典型的干旱区台站迁徙的差异特征,即平均气温、最低气温差值在暖季空旷的地方比城市内高,而冷季相反。另外,2005年由人工观测改为自动观测使相对湿度产生了断点不能连续使用。对资料断点进行订正,订正后的长序列资料分布更为合理。Based on the climatological data of Aksu Station from 1954 to 2016, it is found that urbanization contributed to three-fourths of the increase of temperature in Aksu city.The average temperature increases by 0.33 益 every decade.The station was relocated in 1959 and 2016 respectively, the first one caused a discontinuity in wind speed and relative humidity, and the second caused an average wind speed breakpoint.The annual wind direction coincidence was only 34.69% between the old and new stations in 2016 when the station was relocated,and the wind direction consistency between the two stations was not satisfactory.The annual average wind speeds at two relocations both showed the typical characteristics of station migration in arid regions, i. e., there was a big difference between old and new stations.In 1959 when the station was relocated for the first time,the average annual wind speed at Gulubake-village Station was nearly one quarter lower than that of the open airport.In 2016 when the station was relocated for the second time,the average annual wind speed of the old station surrounded by cities was one-third lower than that of the new station located in the open space. Therefore, for large-scale construction projects,the wind speed data affected by urbanization cannot be used without calibration.The temperature also shows the typical characteristics of the differences between station relocations in arid areas, i. e.the average temperature and the minimum temperature difference were higher in the open area than in the urban area during the warm season, and the opposite in the cold season.In addition, the change from manual observation to automatic observation in 2005 caused a break in relative humidity.The data breakpoint was corrected, and the corrected long-term data distribution would be more reasonable.

关 键 词：长序列气候资料 均一性 对比分析 趋势 干旱区 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]