矿区土地修复的几个基本问题  

Several basic scientific issues related to mined land remediation

作　　者：卞正富[1,2] 雷少刚[1,2] 金丹 王丽[1,2] BIAN Zhengfu;LEI Shaogang;JIN Dan;WANG Li(Institute for Land Resources,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116 ,China;Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Mine Ecological Restoration,Xuzhou 221116, China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学国土资源研究所,江苏徐州221116 [2]矿山生态修复教育部工程研究中心,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2018年第1期190-197,共8页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(U1361214);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC0501107)

摘　　要：通过对与土地复垦有关的概念梳理后,提出以土地修复作为高一级学科建设的名称涵盖土地复垦的名称。基于生态系统自恢复力的假说,讨论了矿区土地修复过程中,自然恢复与人工干预的作用,提出了引导型矿山土地自修复模式及其应用条件,指出了对关键限制性因素及其阈值的识别与修复是矿山生态系统引导自修复的关键;并进一步讨论了引导型矿区土地修复目标的合理程度。还讨论了采前预防及采后修复在矿区土地修复中的作用,对于露天矿山,采前预防或减损工艺应成为主流,在剥采排复一体化工艺实现后,土壤重构成为露天矿区土地修复成功的关键,而对于井工开采矿山,采前预防措施通常被用于局部需要特殊保护的地表建构筑物或具有重要保护价值的生态类型区,采后修复仍是主要的技术手段。Based on analyzing the concepts relevant to land reclamation,mined land remediation is proposed to act as the higher hierarchy for discipline development instead of mined land reclamation,which covers restoration,reclamation and rehabilitation.In terms of ecological resilience,the roles of natural restoration and manual intervention are discussed and a kind of self restoration model（SRM） for mined land ecosystem induced by manual intervention is proposed;the identification and remediation of the critical restrictive factors are also emphasized.Further studies on the acceptable conditions and remediation targets for SRM are introduced.Whichever preventive measures before mining or remediation measures after mining to be taken are up to the mining methods,remediation cost and ecological service value.In general situation considering nowadays mining technology,preventive measures before mining and low damage techniques for open-pit mining should be taken as essential methods.After integrated mining,stripping,disposal and reclamation into a whole,resoiling becomes into the key step for successful mined land remediation.On the other hand,preventive measures before mining are only used for protecting special surface buildings or most valuable ecological zones impacted by underground mining.

关 键 词：土地修复 土地复垦 生态重建 生态恢复 

分 类 号：TD88[矿业工程—矿山开采]