埃及与印度次大陆的海上贸易及其在罗马帝国经济中的地位  

Maritime Trade between Egypt and the Indian Subcontinent and Its Role in the Economy of the Roman Empire

作　　者：陈思伟 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学历史文化学院,副教授广州510631

出　　处：《历史研究》2018年第1期113-133,共21页Historical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"海上贸易与公元前8-前2世纪东地中海社会经济研究"(17BSS008)阶段性成果

摘　　要：公元1—2世纪,随着印度洋季风规律的发现、地中海世界造船技术在埃及红海沿岸的传播、埃及红海港口与尼罗河之间交通的改善以及东方商品消费市场的扩大,罗马埃及与印度次大陆远洋海上贸易迅速发展。据穆泽里斯纸草,2世纪埃及与次大陆海上贸易的参与者采取各种举措,力图规避风险,追求利润最大化。驶航于罗马埃及与印度次大陆之间的商船装载的货物类别多样且价值不菲,海上贸易参与者经济实力雄厚。随着"罗马和平"的到来、消费量的增加、政治竞争的助推和奢靡之风的盛行,罗马人对东方产品的需求增加,经由埃及的东方贸易在罗马经济中地位日益突出。罗马帝国鼎盛时期的东方贸易比学者们普遍强调的规模更大、运作更加复杂。东方贸易在帝国经济中占据着举足轻重的地位。In the first and second century AD,with the discovery of the regularity of the Indian Ocean monsoon,the spread of the shipbuilding technology of the Mediterranean world on the Egyptian Red Sea coast,the improvement of transportation between Red Sea ports and the River Nile,and the expansion of the eastern commodity consumption market,the maritime trade between Egypt under the Roman Empire and the Indian subcontinent developed rapidly.According to the Muziris papyrus,the participants in the maritime trade of the second century took various measures to avoid risks and maximize profits. Merchant ships sailing between Egypt and the Indian subcontinent were loaded with a diverse and valuable range of goods,so the traders were economically powerful.With the advent of the Pax Romana,increased consumption intensified political competition and the fashion for luxuries,the Roman demand for oriental products grew,and the eastern trade via Egypt became increasingly prominent in the Roman economy.In the heyday of the Roman Empire,the eastern trade was on a larger scale and its operations were more complex than scholars have generally emphasized;it held a vital position in the imperial economy.

关 键 词：罗马帝国 海上贸易 埃及 印度次大陆 古代经济 

分 类 号：K86[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]