须弥山石窟48窟明代泥塑彩绘制作材质成分分析  

Materials used in Ming Dynasty painted clay sculptures from Cave 48 of the Sumeru Grottoes

作　　者：王丹阳[1] 刘璐瑶 张秉坚[1,2] 方世强[2] 李志荣[1] 韩有成 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学文博系,浙江杭州310028 [2]浙江大学化学系,浙江杭州310027 [3]须弥山石窟文物管理所,宁夏固原756003

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2017年第6期65-75,共11页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)资助(2012CB720902);国家文物局创新联盟课题资助(文博函[2012]878号)

摘　　要：中国古代泥塑彩绘工艺的研究兼具文化遗产传承和文物修复保护方法探讨的双重意义。须弥山石窟保留着的大量泥塑彩绘,在中国泥塑彩绘研究中具有重要地位。因此,本研究采用悬浮沉淀法、激光粒度仪、X射线衍射、红外光谱、能谱仪、显微拉曼光谱、酶联免疫和免疫荧光法、哈式切片法等检测方法对宁夏须弥山石窟48窟明代5件泥塑彩绘样品进行了由内及表的检测分析。检测结果发现,塑泥中使用的土和砂都经过人为加工处理,粗泥层的掺砂量大于细泥层,塑泥中掺加的纤维根据不同部位的需要分别选用了麦杆、苎麻、黄麻和棉;彩绘胶结物检测发现,须弥山48窟明代泥塑彩绘中曾使用动物胶和蛋清作为颜料粘结剂,彩绘层中红色颜料为朱砂,白色颜料为白垩;手指部位采用了贴金技术。研究结果为探讨古代彩绘泥塑原料成分和制作工艺提供基础数据。Study of the craftsmanship of ancient Chinese painted clay sculptures is of importance for two reasons： it aids understanding of cultural heritage and also conservation method research. The Sumeru Grottoes preserve a large number of painted clay sculptures which occupy a very important position in Chinese painted clay sculpture. The present research used a variety of methods including suspension and sedimentation,laser particle analysis,infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,energy spectroscopy,microscopic Raman spectroscopy,enzyme-linked immunosorbent,immunofluorescence assay and Hardy＇s thin cross-section to analyze the internal and external materials on five painted clay sculptures from the Ming Dynasty in Cave 48 of the Sumeru Grottoes located in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Clay components,fibers,adglutinate and paint pigments were analyzed. The results show that the clay and sand used were artificially processed to get the right small particle size. The components used for the fine and rough clay layers are basically the same,but the latter has more sand. Ramie,jute,wheat and cotton were mixed with the clay in different parts of sculptures. The red pigment was cinnabar and white pigment was chalk. Gelatin and egg white were possibly used as the pigment binders. In addition,the gilding was applied to the fingers.

关 键 词：须弥山 泥塑彩绘 制作工艺 成分配比 纤维 颜料 胶结物 

分 类 号：K854.2[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]