“文化”场域的博弈与“遗产”价值的重构——基于彝族禳灾记忆遗产化案例的思考  

The Game of“ Cultural”Domains and the Reconstruction of“Heritage”Values——A Reflection on the Heritagization of the Disastrous Extermination of the Memory of the Yi

作　　者：吴薇[1] 王晓葵[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学民俗学研究所

出　　处：《民族学刊》2017年第6期37-45,107-109,共12页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：2014年度国家社会科学基金重点项目"灾害记忆传承的跨文化比较研究"(项目编号:14ASH5)系列成果之一

摘　　要：彝族禳灾仪式及节日是特定人群在特定生存环境中的生活经验与集体记忆,是适应其生产生活的有效地方性知识,是彝族人对日常生活世界的意义表达。但在当下社会场域中,不同主体从自身所属利益共同体出发,赋予其形态各异的价值取向。在此过程中,禳灾记忆主体的传统地位被改变,原有"价值"在新的评判标准下被重新评价和书写。因此,本文将通过不同主体在申遗"在场"中的话语、行动和博弈,呈现申遗作为一种公共行为如何被行政权力、商业资本、地方精英、当地民众等主体进行价值重构并符号化;分析概念化的非遗保护在实践语境中的差异性及原因。在此基础上,从禳灾仪式之一的彝族儿童节"阿依蒙格"反思申遗与文化认同之间的矛盾及可能的解决路径。In April,2017,a large-scale folk culture project to restore ＂the traditional rituals used by the Leibo-Wagang Yi for isolating natural disasters ＂ was implemented in Xiawo village of Leichi town in Leibo County. This project restored7 conventional rituals for isolating natural disasters,rituals which had not been practiced for 68 years. They included： Children＇s Day of Ayimongge, Bushizai, Luluo, Museluo, Zhengding,Zhengbi, and Lvbi. The main purpose of this project＇s activities was to collect and restore these 7 ceremonies which are related to the memory of eliminating disasters among the Yi,and to win over the support of various units on every level to cultivate culture,and apply for Intangible Culture Heritage（ ICH） status using the data collected.The author,who is a folklore researcher,attended the entire process of this activity. By observing participants with different identities and standpoints,and by communicating with them in depth,the author deeply realized that cultural heritage,as the assemblage of local beliefs,experiences,and knowledge,constitutes a complex and dynamic network within the process of reproducing the entire cultural ritual. Communities with different interests fought for the heritage resources in this network along with their respective voices in this network. They enthusiastically reconstructed cultural heritage,digging into their interests in the fields of economy,politics,and culture,which,in turn,led to the transformation from a ＂habitual＂to a ＂dynamic domain ＂within the process of culture＂heritagization＂.1. Why ICH ？ – A subjective choice of the social domain The traditional rituals for the elimination of disasters were originally generated from local knowledge as a means to adapt to an environment with frequent natural disasters under complicated climate conditions. Disaster elimination was the result of life experience and the collective memory of a specific group of people living within a specific environment,and was an expression of meaning for th

关 键 词：非物质文化遗产 彝族 自然灾害 仪式 民间信仰 

分 类 号：C952[社会学—民族学]