优势种去除对崇明东滩盐沼湿地生态系统的影响  

Effects of dominant species removal on salt marsh ecosystem in Chongming Dongtan

作　　者：项世亮 吕永苗 戴文龙[1] 王天厚[1] 汪承焕[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海200241

出　　处：《生态学报》2018年第4期1245-1255,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31100317);上海市科委科技创新行动计划(14DZ1206003)

摘　　要：盐沼生态系统环境梯度明显,物种组成较简单,是研究生物多样性与生态系统功能关系的理想对象。本研究以崇明东滩盐沼湿地为研究区域,研究优势种去除对植物群落结构以及底栖动物群落的影响。结果表明:(1)去除处理仅对植物群落分株密度有极显著效应(P<0.01)。去除组和对照组物种组成差异随时间增加而减小,处理效应逐渐减弱。(2)去除组底栖动物密度均低于对照组,但差异不显著。(3)盐沼植物群落特征与底栖动物群落有密切关系,植物密度、冠层高度与底栖动物密度相关性极显著。去除优势种后,植物群落分株密度升高,群落内剩余物种占比有所上升,次优势种对群落的补偿效应具有较大贡献;而底栖动物群落密度下降,其生物量和多样性指数的变化趋势与密度并不一致。上述结果表明生物多样性变化影响了盐沼湿地生态系统植物群落和底栖动物群落结构,进而可能影响物质循环和能量流动过程。The salt marsh ecosystem is considered ideal for studying the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationship （BEF） because of its steep environmental gradients and relatively few plant species. The salt marsh ecosystem is one of the ecosystems most affected by anthropogenic activities, which has drawn our attention to the need to protect and restore it intensively. The current research studies on BEF are mostly focused on grasslands ecosystems rather than salt marshes. The understanding of how the removal of specific species or functional groups would influence the structure and functioning of salt marsh ecosystems is still lacking. Therefore, this study, which was performed at Chongming Dongtan in the Yangtze estuary, examined the effects of dominant species removal on plant community structure and macrobenthic invertebrate communities. We also analyzed the relationship between plant community attributes and macrobenthic invertebrate communities using linear regression. The aim of the study was to provide a scientific basis for wetland restoration. The major findings of this study are as follows （ 1 ） Community type, season and their interaction had significant effects on the ramet density and canopy height of manipulated plant communities（P〈0.01 ）, whereas the removal treatment had significant effects on the ramet density only（P〈0.01 ）. Ramet density in species removal treatment was higher than that in the control treatment was, but the effect was not significant. The differences in species composition among the different plant communities decreased with time, indicating that the effects of species removal treatment weakened gradually. The probable underlying mechanism was that the system recovered from the initial disturbance and became more similar to the intact communities. There were no significant differences in ramet density, canopy height and belowground biomass of all the different plant communities between the control and species removal treatments. This might be due to the species

关 键 词：崇明东滩 底栖动物群落 盐沼植物群落 优势物种去除 湿地修复 

分 类 号：Q178[生物学—水生生物学]