基于FDS+EVAC的某高校学生宿舍楼火灾疏散能力研究  

Research on evacuation ability of student dormitory building fire in certain university based on FDS + EVAC

作　　者：王丽 曾坚[1] 任常兴[3] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院,天津300072 [2]天津理工大学环境科学与安全工程学院,天津300384 [3]公安部天津消防研究所,天津300381

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2018年第1期136-142,共7页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第58批面上项目(2015M581299);天津市自然科学基金项目(17JCQNJC06900);天津市高等学校科技发展基金计划项目(20140526);全国社会科学重点项目(12AZD101)

摘　　要：针对高校学生宿舍火灾事故频发、人员疏散难的问题,选取某高校南区的一栋标准宿舍楼作为研究对象,根据实际情况,利用FDS+EVAC软件建立几何模型,设置火灾场景及疏散相关参数,模拟宿舍发生火灾时火灾的发生发展过程,以及人员在火灾情景下的疏散行为;对软件模拟结果进行分析研究,得出可用安全疏散时间和必需安全疏散时间,将这2个时间进行对比判断,评价该宿舍楼的安全性能不达标;对比现行的标准规范,认为该宿舍楼不符合安全标准规范的要求,必须采取合理有效措施增加可用安全疏散时间或降低必需安全疏散时间;最后,通过FDS+EVAC模拟结果对比,结合宿舍楼的实际情况,给出合理的整改建议。研究成果可为高校学生宿舍楼的火灾安全性能分析和改进,提供参考和借鉴。Aiming at the problems of frequent fire accidents and difficult personnel evacuation in the university student dormitory,a standard dormitory building in the southern district of a certain university was selected as the research object. According to the actual situation,a geometric model was established by using FDS ＋ EVAC software,and the relative parameters of fire scene and evacuation were set,then the occurrence and development processes of dormitory fire were simulated,as well as the personnel evacuation behavior in the fire scene. The simulation results were analyzed to obtain the available safe evacuation time（ ASET） and the required safe evacuation time（ RSET）,then the safety performance of the dormitory building was evaluated as disqualification by comparing the ASET and RSET,and the corrective recommendations were put forward by comparing with the current standards and specifications. Finally,some reasonable rectification measures were put forward through comparing the simulation results of FDS ＋ EVAC and considering the actual situation of dormitory building.The results can provide the reference for the analysis and improvement of fire safety performance in the university student dormitory building.

关 键 词：高校学生宿舍 FDS+EVAC 火灾 疏散能力改进 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]