我国妇幼保健资源配置现状及公平性分析  

Analysis on status and equity of maternal and child health care resource allocation in China

作　　者：卢月[1,2] 毕蕾 张寒 朱志强[1,2] 鞠磊 李海燕[1,2] 郑文贵 

机构地区：[1]潍坊医学院公共卫生与管理学院,山东潍坊261053 [2]"健康山东"重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心,山东潍坊261053

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2018年第5期965-969,共5页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

基　　金：教育部人文社科规划项目(14YJA630098);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2011GM005);"健康山东"重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心项目(XT1407003)

摘　　要：目的了解我国妇幼保健资源配置现状,评价其公平性,为促进我国妇幼保健资源的整体优化提供基本参考。方法以2005-2014年《中国卫生和计划生育年鉴》和《中国统计年鉴》中妇幼保健资源配置的相关指标为原始资料,对我国及各省市的资源配置现状进行描述和分析;同时运用泰尔指数对资源配置的公平性进行评价。结果我国拥有的妇幼保健机构数、医师数、床位数、护士数逐年增加;2005-2014年我国妇幼保健机构、医师数泰尔指数变动较小,床位数、护士数的泰尔指数在0.019 5~0.047 6、0.021 9~0.044 5之间变化,呈增长趋势,且东部地区相对偏高;区域内差异对泰尔指数的贡献率大于区域间,对妇幼保健资源配置的公平性影响较大。结论我国妇幼保健资源总量虽上升,但资源配置不公平,且呈下降趋势,尤其是区域内公平性问题严重,相关部门应重点关注,统筹兼顾,改善妇幼保健资源配置不公平的现状。Objective To investigate the current situation of maternal and child health care resource allocation, evaluate the equity, and provide a reference for promoting overall optimization of maternal and child health care resources in China. Methods Based on the rele- vant indicators of maternal and child health care resource allocation published in China Health and Family Planning Yearbook and China Sta- tistical Yearbook from 2005 to 2014, the current situations of maternal and child health care resource allocation in China were described and analyzed. Theil index was used to evaluate the equity of maternal and child health care resource allocation. Results The numbers of maternal and child health care institutions, doctors, beds, and nurses in China increased year by year. The changes of maternal and child health care institutions and Theil index of doctors were small in China from 2005 to 2014, the number of ward beds and Theil index of nurses varied be- tween 0. 019 5-0. 047 6 and 0. 021 9-0. 044 5, showing increasing trends, which were high in eastern areas. The contribution rate of intra- regional difference to Theil index was greater than that of inter-regional difference, but it had great influence on equity of maternal and child health care resource allocation. Conclusion Although the total number of maternal and child health care resources in China has risen, the allocation of resources is unfair, and the equity of resource allocation shows a decreasing trend, especially in intra-region. The relevant de- partments should focus on this situations, make overall arrangements, and improve the unfair status of maternal and child health care resource allocation.

关 键 词：妇幼保健 资源配置 公平性 泰尔指数 

分 类 号：R173[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]