荒漠化地区水化学特性及其对胡杨林生长的影响  

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Their Effects on Growth of Populus Euphraticain Desertification Areas

作　　者：管文轲[1] 钟家骅 霍艾迪[2] 易秀[2] 侯志强 张敏[4] 刘德林 何晓霞 

机构地区：[1]新疆林业科学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]长安大学旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [3]潍坊市水文局,山东潍坊261000 [4]长安大学外国语学院,陕西西安710054 [5]新疆塔里木胡杨林国家级自然保护区,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2018年第1期36-40,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：新疆林业厅科技支撑专项"塔里木河中下游胡杨林恢复研究与示范"(2017-HY)

摘　　要：[目的]探讨荒漠化地区不同地表水水质特性对胡杨林更新演替的影响,为胡杨林的保育及复壮更新工作提供理论支撑与科学根据。[方法]以塔里木胡杨国家级自然保护区为研究区,根据实地考察、采样及试验分析,对塔河中游水质状况及其对胡杨生长的影响进行了对比研究。[结果](1)研究区地表水水化学类型为硫酸盐类钙组Ⅲ型或氯化物类钠组Ⅲ型水(按阿列金分类法),pH值低于8.0,胡杨生长良好地区地表水样pH值在7.42~7.82;(2)漫溢河水总硬度、总碱度及TDS均高于干流水体,分别为325.3~769.5,142.6~290.3及782.2~1 037.5mg/L,胡杨在地表水TDS>1 000mg/L的环境下能正常生长;区内地表水受到农田排水的不利影响,氨氮含量在0~0.45mg/L。[结论]研究区内地下水盐分含量远高于地表水,不能满足胡杨幼苗的萌发与生长,仅在濒临河道的狭窄地带能实现胡杨林的自然更新,地下水盐碱胁迫是胡杨林更新复壮的重要制约因素。[Objective] To study the hydrochemical characteristics of the surface water and groundwater as well as their effects on the Populus euphratica growth in desertification area, in order to provide theoretical support and scientific basis for the conservation and rejuvenation of P. euphratica.[Methods] Field investigation was conducted and the samples were collected at Xinjiang Tarim P. euphratica national nature reserve. The hydrochemical characteristics of middle reaches of Tarim River and their effects on growth of P. euphratica were studied.[Results] ① In the studied area, hydrochemical types of the surface water were mainly SCaⅢ or ClNaⅢ （Based on the O. A. Arliekin＇s classification）. The pH value of the surface water was below 8.0. The pH value of the surface water was 7.42~7.82 where P. euphratica grew well. ② Total hardness and total alkalinity, TDS of overflowing river were ranged as 325.3~769.5, 142.6~290.3 and 782.2~1 037.5 mg/L, respectively. P. euphratica was able to grow normally in the environment of brackish water （TDS〉1000mg/L）. The water in this nature reserve was contaminated by the drainage of farmland, and the ammonia nitrogen content was 0~0.45 mg/L.[Conclusion] The distribution of the P. euphratica with different diameters characterized an inverted pyramid structure, thus its rejuvenation was confronted with difficulty.

关 键 词：水化学特性 胡杨林生长 复壮更新 塔里木河中游 

分 类 号：S719[农业科学—林学]