秸秆和生物炭对油菜-玉米轮作下紫色土有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响  

Effect of straw and biochar on soil organic carbon and carbon pool management index in purple soil under rape-maize rotation

作　　者：陆畅 徐畅[2] 黄容[1] 田冬[1] 高明[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715 [2]中国烟草总公司重庆市公司,重庆400023

出　　处：《草业科学》2018年第3期482-490,共9页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：重庆市农业综合开发办项目(CQNZ2016DY12);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B18)

摘　　要：为揭示西南紫色土区有机碳库对秸秆还田和施用生物炭的响应,采用田间试验的方法,研究了油菜(Brassica napus)-玉米(Zea mays)轮作制度下,对照(CK)、秸秆还田(CS)、施用生物炭(BC)、秸秆+生物炭1∶1混施还田(CS+BC)、秸秆+速腐剂还田(CS+D)5种处理的紫色土各形态有机碳含量及碳库管理指数(CPMI)。结果表明,与CK相比,秸秆还田和施用生物炭各处理均能提高土壤有机碳、微生物生物量碳、颗粒有机碳、矿物结合态有机碳、活性有机碳含量及碳库管理指数,其中CS+D处理的微生物生物量碳、粗颗粒有机碳含量、土壤微生物熵最高,增幅分别为104.17%、248.57%和66.61%;其次为CS处理,增幅分别为75.25%、211.43%和51.38%;CS+D和CS处理的碳库管理指数分别比CK处理高87.42和70.95;BC处理下土壤矿物结合态有机碳含量最高,达到了13.14 g·kg-1。可见,秸秆还田、秸秆+速腐剂还田提高土壤有机碳活性和碳库管理指数的效果优于施用生物炭,有利于提升地力和改善土壤质量,而施用生物炭下土壤有机碳稳定性较高,有利于土壤有机碳长期稳定固持。In order to reveal the response of the organic carbon pool of purple soil to straw and biochar application in Southwest China,this experiment quantified the content of various forms of organic carbon and the carbon pool management index in rape-maize rotation systems in the national monitoring station for soil fertility and fertilizer efficiency of purple soils. There were five treatments,including no organic material( CK),straw( CS),biochar( BC),50% straw+ 50% biochar( CS + BC),and straw + microorganisms( CS + D),which were repeated three times. The results showed that straw and biochar addition increased soil total organic carbon,microbial biomass carbon,particulate organic carbon,mineral-associated organic carbon,labile organic carbon,and carbon pool management index as compared with those of the CK treatment. The highest content of microbial biomass carbon,coarse particulate organic carbon,and soil microbial entropy were found in the CS + D treatment,with increases of 104. 17%,248. 57%,and 66. 61%,respectively. The content of microbial biomass carbon,coarse particulate organic carbon,and soil microbial entropy increased by 75. 25%,211. 43%,and 51. 38%,respectively,in the CS treatment. As compared with the CK treatment,carbon pool management index increased by 87. 42 and 70. 95 in the CS + D and CS treatments,respectively. The highest content of mineral-associated organic carbon was 13. 14 g·kg-1 in the BC treatment. Overall,the activity and quality of soil organic carbon improved by the addition of straw and straw + microorganism,whereas the stability of soil organic carbon was improved by the addition of biochar,which is beneficial for the long-term stable fixation of soil organic carbon.

关 键 词：秸秆 生物炭 颗粒有机碳 活性有机碳 碳库管理指数 

分 类 号：S344.15[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S155.25[农业科学—农艺学]