积温和降水量对夏谷生长发育的影响  

Effect of Accumulated Temperature and Precipitation on Growth of Summer-sowing Foxtail Millet

作　　者：李国瑜[1] 丛新军 陈二影[2] 沈群[3] 颜丽美 邹仁峰[1] 李妮[1] 管延安[2] 

机构地区：[1]泰安市农业科学研究院,山东泰安271000 [2]山东省农业科学院作物研究所,山东济南250100 [3]中国农业大学,北京100083

出　　处：《核农学报》2018年第1期165-176,共12页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省农业良种工程项目(2013);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-07-13.5-A11);山东省现代农业产业技术体系杂粮创新团队专项(SDAIT-15-09)

摘　　要：为探索影响夏谷生长发育的关键气象因子,本试验以济谷16和济谷18为材料,于2015年4月29日-7月8日,在山东省农业科学院作物研究所济南试验基地,每10 d种植一期,共计8个播期处理。通过调整播期改变夏谷生育期内的气象条件,系统分析自然条件下气象因子的变化对夏谷生长发育的影响及其规律性。结果表明,随着播期推迟,谷子生育期由109 d缩短至83 d,产量、农艺和品质性状及生长发育生理指标均发生改变,变异系数在0.70%~19.66%之间。积温、降水量在不同生育阶段均存在显著差异,济谷16和济谷18全生育期的变异系数分别为9.92%、7.74%和10.60%、7.91%。夏谷的部分性状指标与出苗到拔节阶段积温的相关系数在0.708~0.977之间,与拔节到抽穗阶段及全生育期降水量的相关系数在0.729~0.973之间,且均达到显著水平,表明谷子苗期对积温的反应比较敏感,拔节到抽穗阶段及全生育期降水量对谷子生长发育的影响较大。由此可见,合理安排播期,重视积温和降水量对夏谷生长发育的影响,是获得高产的重要保障,拔节到抽穗阶段增加降水有利于改善性状,提高产量。本研究为夏谷的高产栽培及节水型种植模式的探索提供了理论依据。In order to explore the key meteorological factors affecting the growth of summer-sowing foxtail millet,the summer-sowing foxtail millet varieties Jigu 16 and Jigu 18 were used as materials,which were planted in plots in the order of sowing time in Jinan experiment station of crop research institute,Shandong academy of agricultural sciences.Eight treatments with different sowing dates were applied during April 29 to July 8,2015 at the interval of 10 days.Because of the difference of sowing date,the climate condition was changed accordingly during the growth period of foxtail millet. The effect of meteorological factors on the growth and development regulation of foxtail millet cultivars was analyzed systematically. The results indicated that,with sowing date delay,the growth duration was shortened from 109 days to 83 days. The agronomic traits,yield,quality and physiological indexes were changed,with the coefficient of variation between 0. 70 % and 19. 66 %. The accumulated temperature and rainfall of each growth stage was significantly different as well,and the coefficient of variation of Jigu16 and Jigu18 in the whole growth period was 9. 92%,7. 74 % and 10. 60 %,7. 91 %,respectively. The correlations coefficient of certain traits and the accumulated temperature in the seedling to jointing stage was between 0. 708 and 0. 977,as well as precipitation in the jointing to heading stage and the whole growth period was between 0. 729 and 0. 973. The response of seedling stage to the accumulated temperature was relatively more sensitive. While,precipitation on jointing stage to heading stage,and on the whole growth period significantly affected the growth and development of the foxtail millet cultivars. Determining appropriate sowing date and reducing the negative effects of precipitation and accumulated temperature on growth are the key factors to achieve high yield for summer-sowing foxtail millet. And more precipitation on jointing stage to heading stage could effectively increase the yield. This research provids a

关 键 词：谷子 播期 积温 降水 生长发育 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]