化肥减施条件下稻草还田供硅对双季稻产量及硅素养分吸收的影响  

Effects of Straw Incorporation Supplying Silicon on Grain Yield and Silicon Absorption of Double Cropping Rice Under Chemical Fertilizer Reduced

作　　者：曾研华[1] 吴建富[1] 范呈根 曾勇军[1] 谭雪明[1] 潘晓华[1] 石庆华[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学双季稻现代化生产协同创新中心/作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《核农学报》2018年第2期344-352,共9页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD07B12);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300501;2017YFD0301605);江西省科技支撑计划重点项目(2009BNA03800);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2016M600512)

摘　　要：为探明化肥减施条件下长期稻草还田供硅对双季稻产量及硅素养分吸收利用的影响,本试验以国家级耕地质量监测点(江西进贤温圳)的田间长期定位试验为研究平台,设置稻草还田减施化肥(SI+NPK)、稻草烧灰还田减施化肥(SB+NPK)和单施化肥(NPK)处理,以及相对应稻草还田不施化肥(SI)、稻草烧灰还田不施化肥(SB)和稻草不还田不施化肥(CK)共6个处理,测定双季稻产量、生物量及硅素养分吸收等指标。结果表明,SI+NPK处理能够增加双季早、晚稻周年产量与生物量,且无肥区稻草还田与稻草不还田间差异显著,其中双季早稻增产效应高于双季晚稻。6年早稻季平均产量SI+NPK处理较SB+NPK、NPK增幅达2.86%~6.38%;晚稻季SI+NPK处理较NPK增幅2.80%,与SB+NPK产量持平。SI+NPK处理有利于提高早稻季植株各器官硅含量,而晚稻季生育后期表现较高;与SB+NPK、NPK相比,SI+NPK处理显著提高了双季早、晚稻硅素吸收总量。SI+NPK处理下的早稻各生育阶段的硅素积累量高于SB+NPK、NPK,且与NPK差异显著;晚稻季各生育阶段硅素积累量相比NPK,SI+NPK在分蘖-幼穗分化期、抽穗-成熟期显著提高。相关性分析结果表明,各生育时期硅素积累量与产量呈显著或极显著正相关,提高生育前期硅素阶段积累量可为水稻增产奠定基础。本研究为南方稻区稻草资源合理利用与双季稻高产栽培硅肥合理施用模式提供了理论依据和技术指导。The long-term field experiment on straw incorporation and soil fertility（ Wenzhen town,Jinxian county,Jiangxi province） was located the cultivated land quality monitoring system. The objective of the study was to explore the effects of straw incorporation supplying silicon on grain yield and silicon absorption of double cropping rice under chemical fertilizers reduced in the long run. Six treatments were included： total straw incorporation and reducing inorganic fertilizers application（ SI ＋ NPK）,straw burning and reducing inorganic fertilizers application（ SB ＋ NPK）,inorganic fertilizers alone application（ NPK）,total straw incorporation and no chemical fertilizer（ SI）,straw burning and no chemical fertilizer（ SB）,and straw non-incorporation and no chemical fertilizer（ CK）. Grain yield,biomass and silicon absorption were determined. The results showed that SI ＋ NPK could increase grain yield,biomass of double cropping early and late rice,that the effect of yield increasing was higher in early rice than late rice. There was significant difference between SI and SB in non-fertilizer block. The average grain yield of early rice for the 6 years under SI ＋ NPK treatment was increased from 2. 86% to 6. 38% ,compared to SB ＋ NPK,NPK; and was increased 2. 80 percentage of late rice,compared to NPK. There was held the same grain yield between SI ＋ NPK and SB ＋ NPK. SI ＋ NPK could increase the content of silicon of early rice and that of late rice at late growth stage. Compared with SB ＋ NPK and NPK treatments,SI ＋ NPK also increased significantly the silicon accumulation of double cropping rice. The periodic silicon accumulation of each growth period in early rice was higher in SI ＋ NPK than in SB ＋ NPK,NPK,and there was significantly different between SI ＋ NPK and NPK. SI ＋ NPK also increased significantly the periodic silicon accumulation from tillering stage to panicle initiation,and from heading stage to maturity stage in late rice,compared to NPK. There was a

关 键 词：双季稻 稻草还田 化肥减施 供硅 硅素吸收 

分 类 号：S511.42[农业科学—作物学]